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Insights into Imaging

Table 2 Comparison of imaging findings of skull base invasions between SECT, MRI, and DECT in NPC patients

From: Dual-energy CT for the detection of skull base invasion in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: comparison of simulated single-energy CT and MRI

Parameter

TPa

TNa

FNa

FPa

Sensitivity (%)

Specificity (%)

PPV (%)

NPV (%)

All sites (n = 300)

 SECT

81

179

27

13

75.00 (65.7–82.8)

93.23 (88.7–96.3)

86.2

86.9

 MRI

91

180

17

12

84.26 (76.0–90.6)

93.75 (89.3–96.7)

88.3

91.4

 DECT

98

183

10

9

90.74 (83.6–95.5)

95.31 (91.3–97.8)

96.3

91.3

 p valueb1

    

 < 0.001*

 < 0.001*

  

 p valueb2

    

 < 0.001*

 < 0.001*

  

Sphenoid body (n = 50)

        

 SECT

22

20

6

2

78.57 (59.0–91.7)

90.91 (70.8–98.9)

85.7

88.1

 MRI

25

21

3

1

89.29 (71.8–97.7)

95.45 (77.2–99.9)

96.2

87.5

 DECT

26

21

2

1

92.86 (76.5–99.1)

95.45 (77.2–99.9)

96.3

91.3

 p valuec1

    

0.04*

0.09

  

 p valuec2

    

0.21

 < 0.05*

  

Clivus (n = 50)

        

 SECT

14

26

7

3

66.67 (43.0–85.4)

89.66 (72.6–97.8)

82.4

78.8

 MRI

17

27

4

2

80.95 (58.1–94.6)

93.10 (77.2–99.2)

89.5

87.1

 DECT

18

27

3

2

85.71 (63.7–97.0)

93.10 (77.2–99.2)

90.0

90.0

 p valuec1

    

0.03*

0.20

  

 p valuec2

    

0.08

0.14

  

Left pterygoid process (n = 50)

        

 SECT

15

30

4

1

78.95 (54.4–93.9)

96.77 (88.3–99.9)

93.8

88.2

 MRI

17

29

2

2

89.47 (66.9–98.7)

93.55 (78.6–99.2)

89.5

93.5

 DECT

17

30

2

1

89.47 (66.9–98.7)

96.77 (83.3–99.9)

94.4

93.7

 p valuec1

    

0.39

.07

  

 p valuec2

    

 < 0.01*

.03*

  

Right pterygoid process (n = 50)

        

 SECT

10

35

3

2

76.92 (46.2–95.0)

94.59 (81.8–99.3)

83.3

92.1

 MRI

11

36

2

1

84.62 (54.6–98.1)

97.30 (85.8–99.9)

91.7

94.7

 DECT

12

36

1

1

92.31 (64.0–99.8)

97.30 (85.8–99.9)

92.3

97.3

 p valuec1

    

0.23

.05

  

 p valuec2

    

0.15

.03*

  

Left Petrous apex (n = 50)

        

 SECT

12

30

4

4

75.00 (47.6–92.7)

88.24 (72.5–96.7)

75.0

88.2

 MRI

14

31

2

3

87.50 (61.7–98.4)

91.18 (76.3–98.1)

82.4

93.9

 DECT

15

31

1

3

93.75 (69.8–99.8)

91.18 (76.3–98.1)

83.3

96.9

 p valuec1

    

0.25

 < 0.01*

  

 p valuec2

    

0.13

0.02*

  

Right Petrous apex (n = 50)

        

 SECT

8

38

3

1

72.73 (39.0–94.0)

97.44 (86.5–99.9)

88.9

92.7

 MRI

7

36

4

3

63.64 (30.8–89.1)

94.87 (82.7–99.4)

77.8

90.2

 DECT

10

38

1

1

90.91 (58.7–99.8)

97.44 (86.5–99.9)

90.9

97.4

 p valuec1

    

0.27

0.03*

  

 p valuec2

    

0.36

0.08

  
  1. TP true positive findings, TN true-negative findings, FN false-negative findings, FP false-positive findings, PPV positive predictive value, NPV negative predictive value
  2. *Significant difference compared with DECT (p < 0.05)
  3. aNumbers of findings
  4. bAs determined with the McNemar test
  5. cAccording to the generalized linear mixed model that accounted for the multiple observations within patients
  6. 1SECT versus DECT
  7. 2MRI versus DECT
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