Reference | Imaging finding | Clinical parameter | Primary outcome |
---|---|---|---|
Sheng et al. [14] | Multiplicity, tumors with no or disrupted periablational enhancement, and persistent hyperintensity in the central ablative zone on T1WI | Serum albumin < 3.5 g/dL | IDR |
Hermida et al. [15] | Tumor size Tumor size Multiplicity Multiplicity and steatotic HCC | Ultrasound guidance AFP > 100 ng/mL Treatment naivety and AFP > 100 ng/mL ASA score > 2 and AFP | LTP and time-to-LTP IDR Time-to-IDR and RFS OS |
Hermida et al. [16] | Steatotic HCC | AFP | OS |
Chaudhry et al. [18] | LI-RADS TRA, and arterial phase hyperenhancement | Â | Histopathological tumor necrosis |
Bae et al. [19] | Satellite nodules on HBP images Satellite nodules and peritumoral hypointensity on HBP images | Serum albumin Serum albumin and PT-INR | DFS OS |
Cha et al. [20] | Arterial rim enhancement plus other targetoid appearances | Â | LTP, IDR, and EM within 2Â years |
Kang et al. [21] | Tumor size, tumor margin and HBP peritumoral hypointensity | Â | LTP |
Cools et al. [22] | LI-RADS TRA | Â | Residual viable tumors at histopathology |
Lee et al. [26] | NHHNs | Prothrombin activity and LTP Child–Pugh class and EM | RFS OS |
Toyoda et al. [27] | NHHNs | Â | Recurrence |
Iwamoto et al. [28] | NHHNs | Child–Pugh class (B) | IDR and new intrahepatic recurrence |
Inoue et al. [29] | NHHNs | Child–Pugh class (B) | IDR |
Lee et al. [34] | NHHNs -Presence of NHHNs -Absence of NHHNs | Â | RFS after resection and RFA -Similar 5-year RFS after resection and RFA -Better 5-year RFS after resection versus RFA |
Koda et al. [39] | Ablation margin grading, and tumor size§ |  | LTP |
Takeyama et al. [40] | Ablation margin status | Â | LTP |
Lee et al. [41] | Periportal and subphrenic location of HCC and tumor size | HCV infection, Child–Pugh class B, platelet count, LTP, IDR, AIR, and EM | LTP OS |
Kawamura et al. [45] | Enhancement pattern type | Treatment procedure (touch ablation), and AFP ≥ 30 μg/L | Intrasubsegmental recurrence |
Kondo et al. [46] | Bile duct dilatation affecting two or more subsegments, and tumor number Bile duct dilatation affecting two or more subsegments, and tumor number | HCV infection, Child–Pugh class (B or C), AFP > 100 ng/mL, and DCP ≥ 100 mAu/mL HCV infection, Child–Pugh class (B or C), and DCP ≥ 100 mAu/mL | Recurrence Death |
Kim et al. [47] | Ablation margin status | Â | LTP |
Mori et al. [49] | Hypointensity on the ADC map and tumor number Hypointensity on the ADC map | Etiology (HCV) Type IV collagen 7S and AFP | Recurrence Survival |
Ma et al. [50] | RADCmedian†|  | Tumor progression |
Barat et al. [51] | ADC value at 1Â month after RFA | Â | Recurrence |
Hu et al. [52] | ADC value and rim enhancement | Â | LTP |
Yuan et al. [55] | ADC, MD, MK | Â | Recurrence |
Kobe et al. [57] | The differences (ablation zone-tumor) of the perfusion parameters | Â | LTR |
Yoon et al. [58] | Ablation margin assessed by registration software | Â | LTP |
Wang et al. [59] | Peritumoral hypointensity and irregular protruding margin on HBP | Â | Recurrence |
Horvat et al. [60] | Textural features | Â | Treatment response |
Petukhova-Greenstein et al. [61] | A higher radiomic signature based on nodular and perinodular features, multifocality, the appearance of capsular continuity | Â | PFS |
Wen et al. [62] | Radiomics signature | Platelet count | Early recurrence |
Lv et al. [63] | Radiomics signature, tumor shape, ADC value, DWI signal intensity, and ΔSI (signal intensity enhancement rate) |  | AIR |