Fig. 12

Axillary web syndrome and lymphocele. Axillary web syndrome (A) is clinically characterized by very superficial, painful and retractile cords (black arrowhead). Transverse (B) and longitudinal (C) sonogram—using a high-frequency probe—shows the hypoechoic band (white arrowheads) coursing within the dermal layer (Der) of the axillary region. Of note, a large amount of gel allows a prompt identification of the skin bulging (yellow dotted line) where the lymphatic cord (white arrowhead) should be sonographically assessed (B). A large lymphocele (D) presents as anechoic irregular-in-shape fluid collection and its peduncular connection (yellow arrowhead) with the overlying surgical incision is clearly visible as well. SUBC: subcutaneous tissue