From: Imaging of hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence after liver transplantation
Risk factors related to the tumor |
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Morphology |
Tumor burden: number and size of the nodules (Milan criteria, extended criteria) |
Presence of macrovascular invasion |
Presence of extrahepatic spread |
Histology |
Poor tumor differentiation |
Microvascular invasion |
Genetic signature (CK19, etc.) |
Serum markers |
Increased AFP serum level (Metrotickets 2.0 model, etc.) |
Increased DCP serum level |
Inflammatory markers (increased NLR; increased PLR) |
Response to anticancer treatments (TACE, RE, TA, surgery) |
Risk factors unrelated to the tumor |
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Characteristics of the recipient |
Older age |
Obesity |
Severity of underlying disease |
Immunological status |
Liver graft |
Older age of the donor |
LDLT versus DDLT |
Steatosis |
Prolonged cold ischemia and ischemia–reperfusion injury |
Immunosuppression after LT |
CNI (tacrolimus, cyclosporine) |
mTOR inhibitors (sirolimus and everolimus) |