Insights into Imaging

Table 2 Correlation between focal edema and clinical-pathological features in invasive breast cancer

From: Focal breast edema and breast edema score on T2-weighted images provides valuable biological information for invasive breast cancer

	Focal edema^†		p value
	−(n = 103)	+(n = 102)	p value
Age in years, mean ± SD	57.04 ± 12.01	58.69 ± 11.70	0.321
Tumor size on MRI in cm (IQR)	1.7 (1.3~2.2)	2.4 (1.9~3.2)	< 0.001
cT stage
T1	73	36	< 0.001
T2-3	30	66
Grade*
WHO I/II	54	39	0.010
III	26	43
ER
Status in percentage (IQR)	90 (75~90)	70 (0~90)	< 0.001
Negative	11	33	< 0.001
Positive	92	69
PR
Status in percentage (IQR)	70 (20~90)	10 (0~70)	< 0.001
Negative	18	37	0.002
Positive	85	65
Ki-67
Status in percentage (IQR)	18 (10~30)	30 (15~40)	< 0.001
Low, < 14%	42	17	< 0.001
High, ≥ 14%	61	85
HER-2
Negative	92	80	0.034
Positive	11	22
LN status
Negative	78	63	0.031
Positive	25	39
pN stage**
N0	78	63	0.114, N0 versus N1 0.814
N1	19	14	N0 versus N2-3 0.011
N2-3	5	15	N1 versus N2-3 0.021
LVI
Negative	90	98	0.073
Positive	12	5
Molecular subtype
Luminal	93	71	< 0.001
Non-luminal	10	31

Statistically signifcant p-values are bolded
^†As long as one of peritumoral edema, prepectoral edema and subcutaneous edema occurs in the breast it is considered as positive for focal edema
*Data from 43 patients were unavailable
**Data from 11 patients were unavailable. They only underwent sentinel lymph node biopsy without axillary lymph node dissection or underwent axillary lymph node dissection after neoadjuvant chemotherapy

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