Table 2 Univariate analysis of risk factors associated with the occurrence of ACLF within 90 days
Variable | Training Group (n = 215) | Validation Group (n = 92) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Progressive Group (n = 47) | Stable Group (n = 168) | p value | Progressive Group (n = 18) | Stable Group (n = 74) | p value | |
Age (years) | 52.7 ± 11.2 | 49.2 ± 9.2 | 0.031 | 53.4 ± 9.9 | 49.7 ± 8.7 | 0.114 |
Sex (male/female) | 33/14 | 105/63 | 0.330 | 11/7 | 46/28 | 0.934 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 22.5 ± 3.0 | 23.5 ± 3.2 | 0.051 | 22.1 ± 2.5 | 24.0 ± 3.4 | 0.031 |
Infections, n (%) | 25 (53.2%) | 47 (28.0%) | 0.001 | 12 (66.7%) | 23 (31.1%) | 0.005 |
Gastrointestinal bleeding, n (%) | 15 (31.9%) | 40 (23.8%) | 0.260 | 5 (27.8%) | 19 (25.7%) | 0.855 |
Ascites, n (%) | 45 (95.7%) | 122 (72.6%) | 0.001 | 18 (100.0%) | 54 (73.0%) | 0.013 |
Hepatic encephalopathy, n (%) | 2 (4.3%) | 6 (3.6%) | 0.827 | 1 (5.6%) | 4 (5.4%) | 1.000 |
History of HBV (years) | 1.0 (0.0, 10.0) | 3.0 (0.1, 10.8) | 0.192 | 0.8 (0.0, 11.5) | 1.3 (0.0, 10.6) | 0.948 |
Antiviral therapy, n (%) | 14 (29.8%) | 74 (44.0%) | 0.079 | 4 (22.2%) | 25 (33.8%) | 0.507 |
Antiviral during follow-up, n (%) | 36 (76.6%) | 119 (70.8%) | 0.436 | 12 (66.7%) | 50 (67.6%) | 0.942 |
HBeAg-positive, n (%) | 33 (70.2%) | 101 (60.1%) | 0.207 | 17 (94.4%) | 53 (71.6%) | 0.084 |
Lg HBV-DNA (copies/mL) | 4.0 (2.5,6.4) | 3.2 (2.5,5.7) | 0.102 | 5.5 (3.4,7.0) | 4.8 (2.6, 5.9) | 0.067 |
Urea (mmol/L) | 6.7 (4.8, 9.1) | 5.3 (4.3, 6.6) | 0.001 | 7.2 (4.3, 8.9) | 5.2 (4.1, 6.5) | 0.086 |
Creatinine (umol/L) | 70.0 (59.0, 80.4) | 64.5 (57.0, 75.0) | 0.194 | 70.0 (59.8, 87.3) | 63.5 (56.0, 75.3) | 0.174 |
Na+ (mmol/L) | 137.4 (135.6, 139.5) | 139.0 (137.0, 141.0) | 0.001 | 138.0 (135.7, 141.0) | 139.0 (137.0,141.0) | 0.300 |
ALT (U/L) | 36.0 (24.0, 58.0) | 34.0 (24.0, 48.0) | 0.265 | 34.0 (27.5, 59.5) | 35.0 (24.8, 53.0) | 0.451 |
AST (U/L) | 45.0 (29.0, 86.0) | 44.0 (31.0, 63.8) | 0.488 | 51.5 (35.8, 78.5) | 42.5 (31.0, 64.3) | 0.304 |
GGT (U/L) | 29.0 (19.0, 92.0) | 32.0 (20.3, 54.0) | 0.560 | 31.5 (19.8, 98.3) | 36.0 (21.8, 61.0) | 0.949 |
ALP (U/L) | 100.0 (77.0, 131.0) | 102.5 (82.0, 127.8) | 0.617 | 97.5 (80.8, 125.5) | 112.0 (86.8, 134.0) | 0.395 |
ALB (g/L) | 31.0 ± 5.7 | 34.3 ± 6.2 | 0.001 | 28.5 ± 5.0 | 32.6 ± 6.2 | 0.010 |
TB (umol/L) | 30.2 (19.9, 50.6) | 26.8 (17.4, 41.0) | 0.138 | 34.4 (24.4, 49.2) | 26.3 (17.3, 41.5) | 0.097 |
Cholesterol (mmol/L) | 2.5 (2.0, 2.9) | 2.7 (2.2, 3.2) | 0.100 | 2.4 (2.0, 2.9) | 2.7 (2.1, 3.3) | 0.115 |
WBC (10^9/L) | 4.7 (3.4, 7.6) | 3.2 (2.1, 4.3) | < 0.001 | 4.5 (3.7, 6.0) | 3.4 (2.2, 4.5) | 0.008 |
PLT (10^9/L) | 66.0 (54.0, 86.0) | 49.5 (34.0, 71.0) | 0.001 | 63.0 (54.8, 73.0) | 58.0 (41.5, 85.8) | 0.445 |
HCT (L/L) | 0.34 ± 0.08 | 0.35 ± 0.08 | 0.245 | 0.34 ± 0.08 | 0.35 ± 0.07 | 0.717 |
PT (s) | 15.2 (13.7, 15.5) | 14.6 (13.3, 16.4) | 0.390 | 15.3 (14.8, 17.4) | 14.7 (13.3, 16.3) | 0.089 |
PTA (%) | 64.1 (55.3, 70.0) | 62.2 (52.5, 78.0) | 0.861 | 57.5 (49.5, 67.8) | 64.2 (55.7, 78.5) | 0.174 |
INR | 1.3 (1.2, 1.4) | 1.3 (1.2, 1.4) | 0.278 | 1.3 (1.3, 1.5) | 1.3 (1.2, 1.4) | 0.137 |
CTP score | 9.0 (7.0, 9.0) | 7.0 (6.0, 9.0) | < 0.001 | 9.0 (7.8, 10.3) | 8.0 (6.0, 9.0) | 0.009 |
MELD score | 12.1 (10.1, 16.8) | 11.2 (8.8, 13.7) | 0.063 | 13.0 (9.9, 17.1) | 11.5 (8.9, 13.9) | 0.086 |
MELD-Na score | 14.1 (10.8, 18.9) | 11.9 (10.0, 14.7) | 0.011 | 14.3 (10.0, 19.9) | 12.0 (10.0, 15.6) | 0.184 |
CLIF-C ADs | 44.8 (38.1, 47.5) | 37.3 (33.0, 41.5) | < 0.001 | 41.8 (37.8, 44.7) | 38.5 (34.2, 42.6) | 0.019 |
IC | 22.6 ± 5.0 | 19.4 ± 4.2 | < 0.001 | 23.2 ± 5.3 | 20.1 ± 3.9 | 0.007 |
Z | 8.9 ± 0.3 | 8.7 ± 0.2 | < 0.001 | 8.9 ± 0.3 | 8.7 ± 0.2 | 0.008 |
K140 | 1.7 ± 0.4 | 1.5 ± 0.3 | < 0.001 | 1.8 ± 0.4 | 1.6 ± 0.3 | 0.008 |
ECVIC-liver | 38.2 ± 4.8 | 31.5 ± 5.1 | < 0.001 | 37.3 ± 3.1 | 32.6 ± 4.9 | < 0.001 |