Table 2 Main purposes and methodology of the included studies
Articles | Purpose | CCA type | Patients (training; validation) | Imaging modality | Sequences for analysis | Segmentation method | Software | Number of features |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chu [14] | Prediction of futile resection | Intrahepatic | 203 (142; 61) | CT | PVP | Manual | ITK-SNAP; A.K. software v2.0.0 | 1044 |
Duda [15] | Differential diagnosis between HCC and iCCA | Intrahepatic | 76 | CT | PRE-HAP-PVP | Manual | In-house | 61 |
Hamn [16] | Differential diagnosis among hepatic lesions | Intrahepatic | 494 (434; 60) | MRI | HAP-PVP-DP | Manual | Python v3.5 | NA |
Huang [17] | Prediction of stage, perineural, and microvascular invasion | Extrahepatic | 101 | MRI | T1-T2-DWI-ADC | Manual | MadZa v4.6 | 1208 |
Ji [18] | Prediction of lymph node metastasis and survival | Intrahepatic | 155 (103; 52) | CT | HAP | Manual | 3D Slicer v4.9.0 | 105 |
Ji [19] | Prediction of lymph node metastasis and survival | Extrahepatic | 247 (177; 70) | CT | PVP | Manual | ITK-SNAP v3.6; Python | 93 |
King [20] | Prediction of tumor grade and survival | Intrahepatic | 73 | CT/MRI | PRE-HAP-PVP | Manual | Osirix v5.5.2; MATLAB vR2016b | 14 |
Liang [21] | Prediction of early recurrence | Intrahepatic | 209 (139; 70) | MRI | HAP | Manual | ITK-SNAP v3.6; MATLAB R2015a | 467 |
Liu [22] | Differential diagnosis between HCC, iCCA, and cHCC-CCA | Intrahepatic | 85 | CT/MRI | PRE-HAP-PVP-DP-HBP-DWI-T2-In-Phase | Manual | MintLesion + Pyradiomics v2.1.2 | 1419 |
Mosconi [23] | Prediction of response to radioembolization | Intrahepatic | 55 | CT | HAP-PVP-DP | Manual | LIFEx | 8 |
Nakai [24] | Differential diagnosis between HCC and iCCA | Intrahepatic | 617 (493; 62 + 62) | CT | PRE-HAP-DP | Manual | RectLabel v3.02.7; Python v3.6.4; PyTorch v1.5.0 | NA |
Park [25] | Prediction of survival after surgical resection | Intrahepatic | 354 (233; 112) | CT | HAP-PVP | Manual | In-house (AsanFEx); MATLAB R2015a | 661 |
Park [26] | Prediction of survival after surgical resection | Intrahepatic | 89 | CT | HAP | Automatic; semi-automatic | Syngo.via Frontier, RADIOMCIS prototype | 19 |
Ponnoprat [27] | Differential diagnosis between HCC and iCCA | Intrahepatic | 257 | CT | PRE-HAP-PVP-DP | Automatic | NA | NA |
Qin [28] | Prediction of early recurrence | Perihilar | 274 (167; 70 + 37) | CT | HAP-PVP-DP | Manual | RadiAnt DICOM Viewer v4.6.5; MATLAB v9.2.0; Mazda v4.6 | 18,120 |
Sadot [29] | Correlation with molecular profile | Intrahepatic | 25 | CT | HAP-PVP | Semi-automatic | MATLAB | 5 |
Silva [30] | Prediction of survival after surgical resection | Intrahepatic | 78 | CT | PVP | Manual | 3D Slicer v4.10.2 | 108 |
Tang [31] | Prediction of lymph node metastasis and differentiation | Extrahepatic | 100 | MRI | T1-T2-DWI-ADC | Manual | Madza v4.6 | 1200 |
Tang [32] | Prediction of survival after surgical resection | Intrahepatic | 101 | CT | PVP | Manual | LIFEx v3.74 | 42 |
Wang [33] | Differential diagnosis between HCC, iCCA, and cHCC-CCA | Intrahepatic | 196 | MRI | HAP-PVP-DP | Manual | ITK-SNAP v3.6; Pyradiomics | 1316 |
Wang [34] | Prediction of lymph node metastasis | Perihilar | 179 | CT | HAP | Manual | ITK-SNAP | 1067 |
Xu [35] | Differential diagnosis between iCCA and lymphoma | Intrahepatic | 129 | CT | DP | Manual | LIFEx v3.74, Python v3.6.4 | 45 |
Xu [36] | Prediction of early and late recurrence | Intrahepatic | 209 (159; 50) | MRI | T2 | Manual | ITK-SNAP; MATLAB | 2268 |
Xu [37] | Prediction of lymph node metastasis | Intrahepatic | 148 (106; 42) | MRI | HAP | Manual | ITK-SNAP; MATLAB V2017b | 491 |
Xue [38] | Diagnosis of iCCA in patients with intrahepatic lithiasis | Intrahepatic | 131 (96; 35) | CT | HAP | Manual | LIFEx | 52 |
Xue [39] | Differential diagnosis between iCCC and inflammatory masses | Intrahepatic | 145 (110; 35) | CT | HAP-PVP | Manual | LIFEx | 52 |
Yang [40] | Prediction of lymph node metastasis and differentiation | Extrahepatic | 100 (80; 20) | MRI | T1-T2-DWI | Manual | MaZda v4.6 | 300 |
Yao [41] | Prediction of lymph node metastasis and differentiation | Extrahepatic | 110 (88; 22) | MRI | T1-T2-DWI-ADC | Manual | MaZda v4.6 | 300 |
Zhang [42] | Prediction of PD-1/PD-L1 and survival | Intrahepatic | 98 | MRI | HAP-PVP | Manual | ITK-SNAP; AK software | NA |
Zhang [43] | Prediction of survival after surgical resection | Intrahepatic | 136 | MRI | DP-DWI | Manual | AK software | 384 |
Zhang [44] | Differential diagnosis between iCCA and cHCC-CCA | Intrahepatic | 186 (132; 57) | CT | HAP-PVP | Manual | ITK-SNAP v3.6; AK software | 396 |
Zhang [45] | Prediction of immunophenotyping and survival | Intrahepatic | 78 | MRI | PRE-HAP-PVP-DWI-T2 | Manual | ITK-SNAP v3.6; Pyradiomics | 1037 |
Zhao [46] | Prediction of survival after surgical resection | Perihilar | 184 (110; 74) | MRI | HAP-PVP | Manual | ITK-SNAP v3.6; AK software v3.2.2 | 396 |
Zhao [47] | Prediction of early recurrence | Perihilar | 184 (128; 56) | MRI | HAP-PVP | Manual | ITK-SNAP v3.6; AK software v3.2.3 | 402 |
Zhao [48] | Prediction of early recurrence | Intrahepatic | 47 | MRI | HAP-PVP-DP-T2 | Manual | ITK-SNAP v2.2.0; AK software | 396 |
Zhou [49] | Prediction of microvascular invasion | Intrahepatic | 126 (88; 38) | MRI | HAP-PVP-DP | Manual | ITK-SNAP v3.6: Pyradiomics v2.12 | 2364 |
Zhu [50] | Prediction of IDH mutation | Intrahepatic | 138 | CT | PRE-HAP-PVP-DP | Manual | Pyradiomics | 72 |
Zhu [51] | Prediction of early recurrence | Intrahepatic | 125 (92; 33) | CT | PRE-HAP-PVP-DP | Manual | Pyradiomics | 87 |