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Insights into Imaging

Table 3 Univariate and multivariate analysis results for early postoperative recurrence

From: Predictive models and early postoperative recurrence evaluation for hepatocellular carcinoma based on gadoxetic acid-enhanced MR imaging

Variables

Univariate analysis

Multivariable analysis

OR (95% CI)

p value

OR (95% CI)

p value

Cirrhosis

1.207 (0.538, 2.705)

0.648

  

Multifocality

2.800 (1.254, 6.250)

0.012*

  

Satellite lesions

4.405 (1.895, 10.239)

0.001*

2.551 (0.929, 7.005)

0.069

Presence of non-hypervascular HBP hypointense nodules

0.556 (0.242, 1.323)

0.189

  

Tumor in vein

5.920 (2.332,15.031)

< 0.001*

  

APHE

    

 No

–

   

 Non-rim

0.272 (0.043, 1.701)

0.272

  

 Rim

Reference

   

Corona enhancement

5.800 (2.445, 13.756)

< 0.001*

2.399 (0.794, 7.246)

0.121

Washout

    

 No

Reference

   

 No-rim

1.308 (0.251, 6.811)

 0.750

  

 Rim

 -

   

“Capsule” appearance

 

 0.715

  

 No “capsule”

Reference

   

 Enhancing capsule

0.655 (0.227, 1.888)

0.433

  

 Non-enhancing capsule

0.807 (0.230, 2.830)

0.737

  

Incomplete capsule

5.176 (1.676, 15.991)

0.004*

  

Blood products in mass

2.275 (1.027, 5.041)

0.043*

  

Nodule in nodule

1.727 (0.786, 3.796)

0.174

  

Mosaic architecture

2.727 (1.171, 6.351)

0.020

  

Non-smooth Tumor margin

2.302 (0.901, 5.882)

0.082

  

Eggel’s growth classification

 

0.001*

  

 Single nodular type

Reference

 

Reference

 

 Single nodule type with extra-nodular growth

4.729 (1.781, 12.555)

0.002*

2.628 (1.046, 7.199)

0.044*

 Contiguous multinodular type

8.816 (2.484, 31.289)

0.001*

–

 

Restricted Diffusion

–

   

Mild-moderate T2 hyperintensity

–

   

HBP no-hypointensity

0.735 (0.139, 3.880)

0.717

  

Peritumoral hypointensity on HBP

8.267 (2.926, 23.358)

 < 0.001*

4.646 (1.303, 16.569)

0.018*

Targetoid TP or HBP appearance

–

–

  

Size of the largest tumor(cm)

1.259 (1.101, 1.440)

0.001*

  

Age (years)

0.967 (0.933, 1.003)

0.068

  

ALT (IU/l)

1.103 (0.997, 1.110)

0.284

  

AST (IU/l)

1.012 (1.000, 1.025)

0.049*

1.013 (1.000, 1.027)

0.056

PT(s)

1.010 (0.701, 1.456)

0.955

  

PLT (× 10^9/l)

1.005 (0.999, 1.010)

0.086

  

Gender (male/female)

0.850 (0.303, 2.386)

0.758

  

AFP(> 400 ng/mL)

3.576 (1.568, 8.159)

0.002*

3.559 (1.294, 9.788)

0.013*

CEA (> 5 ng/mL)

3.160 (0.897, 11.130)

0.073

  

HBsAg (Positive)

2.779 (0.971, 7.956)

0.057

  

ALBI grade

    

 A

Reference

   

 B

1.410 (0.575, 3.456)

0.452

  

Child-pugh

    

 A

Reference

   

 B

2.371 (0.144, 38.990)

0.546

  
  1. *referred to p < 0.05; HBP Hepatobiliary phase, APHE Arterial phase hyperenhancement, PVP, T2WI T2-weighted imaging, TP Transitional phase, ALT Alanine aminotransferase, AST Aspartate aminotransferase, PT Prothrombin time, PLT Platelet count, AFP Alpha-fetoprotein, CEA Carcinoma embryonic antigen, HbsAg Hepatitis B surface antigen, ALBI Albumin-bilirubin grade; Score = − 4.220 + 0.936*(Satellite lesions: Yes: 1; No: 0) + 0.875*(Corona enhancement: Yes: 1; No: 0) + 0.966* (Single nodule type with extra-nodular growth: Yes: 1; No: 0) + 1.536* (Peritumoral hypointense in HBP: Yes: 1; No: 0) + 1.270* (AFP (> 400 ng/mL): Yes: 1; No: 0) + 0.013*AST(IU/L); threshold value = − 0.835
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