Table 2 Imaging findings of the training, internal validation and external validation sets
Variables | Training set (n = 120) | Internal validation set (n = 38) | External validation set (n = 51) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Cirrhosis | 49 (40.83) | 12 (31.58) ^ | 34 (66.67) # | 0.003* |
Multifocality | 21 (17.5) | 7 (18.42) | 20 (39.22) # | 0.009* |
Satellite lesions | 44 (36.67) | 12 (31.58) | 26 (50.98) | 0.121 |
Presence of non-hypervascular HBP hypointense nodules | 26 (21.67) | 11 (28.95) | 15 (29.41) | 0.458 |
Tumor in vein | 49 (40.83) | 12 (31.58) | 26 (50.98) | 0.179 |
APHE | 0.879 | |||
No | 1 (0.83) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | |
Non-rim | 114 (95.00) | 36 (94.74) | 48 (94.12) | |
Rim | 5 (4.17) | 2 (5.26) | 3 (5.88) | |
Corona enhancement | 52 (43.33) | 14 (36.84) | 22 (43.14) | 0.768 |
Washout | 0.127 | |||
No | 8 (6.67) | 5 (13.16) | 4 (7.84) | |
Non-rim | 112 (93.33) | 33 (86.84) | 45 (88.24) | |
Rim | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 2 (3.92) | |
“Capsule” appearance | 0.734 | |||
No “capsule” | 19 (15.83) | 7 (18.42) | 6 (11.76) | |
Enhancing capsule | 76 (63.33) | 22 (57.89) | 30 (58.82) | |
Non-enhancing capsule | 25 (20.83) | 9 (23.68) | 15 (29.41) | |
Incomplete capsule | 83 (69.17) | 25 (65.79) | 40 (78.43) | 0.358 |
Blood products in mass | 53 (44.17) | 16 (42.11) | 22 (43.14) | 0.973 |
Nodule in nodule | 52 (43.33) | 11 (28.95) | 14 (27.45) | 0.077 |
Mosaic architecture | 67 (55.83) | 19 (50) | 25 (49.02) | 0.655 |
Non-smooth Tumor margin | 6 (5) | 1 (2.63) | 2 (3.92) | 0.949 |
Eggel’s growth classification | ||||
Single nodular type | 55 (45.83) | 20 (52.63) | 26 (50.98) | |
Single nodule type with extra-nodular growth | 49 (40.83) | 10 (26.32) | 20 (39.22) | |
Contiguous multinodular type | 16 (13.33) | 8 (21.05) | 5 (9.80) | |
Restricted Diffusion | 120 (100.00) | 38 (100.00) | 51 (100.00) | 1.000 |
Mild-moderate T2 hyperintensity | 120 (100) | 36 (95.74) | 51 (100.00) | 0.578 |
TP hypointensity | 119 (99.17) | 36 (94.74) | 49 (96.08) | 0.213 |
HBP intensity | 0.540 | |||
Hypointensity | 117 (97.5) | 37 (97.37) | 48 (94.11) | |
Isointensity | 1 (0.83) | 1 (2.63) | 2 (3.92) | |
Hyperintensity | 2 (1.67) | 0 (0.00) | 1 (1.96) | |
Targetoid TP or HBP appearance | 2 (1.67) | 1 (2.63) | 1 (1.96) | 0.935 |
Peritumoral hypointensity on HBP | 67 (55.83) | 15 (39.47)^ | 39 (76.47) # | 0.002* |
Size of the largest tumor(cm) | 5.83 ± 3.12 | 5.38 ± 3.46 | 4.73 ± 3.52# | 0.010* |