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Table 1 Clinicopathological characteristics of the training, internal validation and external validation sets

From: Predictive models and early postoperative recurrence evaluation for hepatocellular carcinoma based on gadoxetic acid-enhanced MR imaging

Variables

Training set

(n = 120)

Internal validation set

(n = 38)

External validation set (n = 51)

p value

Clinical characteristics

Early postoperative recurrence

(within 1 year after liver resection)

36 (30.00)

10 (26.32)

24 (47.06)

0.056

Age (years)

51.22 ± 11.23

53.74 ± 10.77

56.04 ± 10.48#

0.034*

ALT (IU/l)

50.67 ± 64.70

44.79 ± 25.26

35.48 ± 20.92

0.199

AST (IU/l)

45.17 ± 33.37

41.55 ± 23.52

38.79 ± 24.68

0.383

PT(s)

12.34 ± 1.07&

11.79 ± 1.03^

13.47 ± 1.20#

 < 0.001*

PLT (× 10^9/l)

152.30 ± 73.36

149.32 ± 68.67

138.94 ± 71.07

0.310

Gender (male/female)

68/16

32/6

44/7

0.713

AFP (> 400 ng/mL)

39 (32.5)

12 (31.58)

11 (21.57)

 

CEA (> 5 ng/mL)

11 (9.17)

4 (10.53)

2 (3.92)

 

HBsAg (Positive)

89 (74.17)

35 (92.11)

41 (80.39)

 

ALBI grade

   

0.036*

 A

92 (76.67)

30 (78.95)

30 (58.82)

 

 B

28 (23.33)

8 (21.05)

21 (41.18)

 

Child-pugh

   

0.619

 A

118 (98.33)

37 (97.37)

49 (96.08)

 

 B

2 (1.67)

1 (2.63)

2 (3.92)

 

BCLC stage

   

0.001*

 0

6 (5) &

6 (15.79) ^

2 (3.92) #

 

 A

56 (46.67)

14 (36.84)

44 (86.27)

 

 B

30 (25)

6 (15.79)

5 (9.81)

 

 C

28 (23.33)

12 (31.57)

0 (0.00)

 

Type of surgery

   

0.084

 Major hepatectomy(≥ 3 segments)

7 (5.83)

7 (18.42)

5 (21.57)

 

 Minor hepatectomy(< 3 segments)

113 (94.17)

31 (81.58)

46 (78.43)

 

Pathological characteristics

Tumor differentiation

   

0.383

 High

5 (5.95)

2 (5.25)

5 (9.80)

 

 Low-mediate

115 (94.05)

36 (94.74)

46 (90.20)

 

Resection margin

   

0.490

 R0-Width margin(disease-free margin > 1 cm)

115 (95.83)

38 (100)

50 (98.04)

 

 R0-Narrow margin(disease-free margin 1 mm-1 cm)

4 (3.33)

0 (0.00)

1 (1.96)

 

 R1(disease-free margin < 1 mm)

1 (0.84)

0 (0.00)

0 (0.00)

 

Pattern of Recurrence

   

0.592

 Intrahepatic

21 (58.33)

8 (66.67)

17 (70.83)

 

 Extrahepatic

1 (2.78)

0 (0.00)

1 (4.17)

 

 Both

14 (38.89)

2 (33.33)

6 (25.00)

 
  1. Data are represented in mean ± SD or frequency (%). And Data were evaluated by Analysis of variance (ANOVA) or Kruskal–Wallis test for continuous variables and the Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables
  2. ALT Alanine aminotransferase, AST Aspartate aminotransferase, PT Prothrombin time, PLT Platelet count, AFP Alpha-fetoprotein, CEA Carcinoma embryonic antigen, HbsAg Hepatitis B surface antigen, ALBI Albumin-bilirubin grade, BCLC Barcelona clinic liver cancer
  3. *referred to p < 0.05; &referred to p < 0.016 (Training set vs Internal validation set); #referred to p < 0.016 (Training set vs. External validation set); ^referred to p < 0.016 (Internal validation set vs. External validation set)