Table1 Baseline characteristics of the study cohort

Age (years)

56 ± 14

62 ± 11

58 ± 13

Male sex, n (%)

10 (50%)

26 (47%)

16 (44%)

BMI (kg/m²)

25.54 ± 2.84

27.81 ± 4.94

28.28 ± 4.32

Heart rate (bpm)

75 ± 11

83 ± 18

90 ± 29

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

124 ± 12

132 ± 23

128 ± 24

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

72 ± 9

74 ± 14

74 ± 15

Family history of CAD, n (%)

2 (10%)

7 (13%)

4 (11%)

Smoking (never/former/current), n (%)

15/3/2 (75%/15%/10%)

39/6/10 (71%/11%/18%)

25/5/6 (69%/14%/17%)

Hypertension

0

33 (60%)

20 (56%)

Dyslipidemia

0

30 (55%)

23 (64%)

Total cholesterol (mmol/L)

3.99 ± 0.83

4.28 ± 0. 85

4.55 ± 1.34

Triglycerides (mmol/L)

1.19 (1.03, 1.99)

1.55 (0.97, 1.88)

1.57 (0.93, 1.93)

LDL (mmol/L)

2.31 ± 0.67

2.50 ± 0.70

2.64 ± 0.59

HDL (mmol/L)

1.38 ± 0.28

1.32 ± 0.35

1.25 ± 0.38

eGFR (ml/min/1.732 m²)

100.61 ± 15.45

86.96 ± 20.95*

78.41 ± 24.78*

FBG (mmol/L)

5.07 ± 0.61

6.76 ± 1.40*

8.73 ± 3.31*†

HbAc1 (%)

5.35 ± 0.63

5.99 ± 0.53*

7.80 ± 1.22*†

T2DM duration (years)

0

2(1.10, 3)

3 (2. 4)

Complications

Retinopathy, n (%)

0

4 (7%)

3 (8%)

Neuropathy, n (%)

0

5 (9%)

4 (11%)

Nephropathy, n (%)

0

5 (9%)

4 (11%)

Peripheral vascular disease, n (%)

0

9 (16%)

7 (19%)

Antihypertensive therapy

ACEI/ARB, n (%)

0

11 (20%)

7 (19%)

Beta-blocker, n (%)

0

11 (20%)

7 (19%)

Calcium channel blocker, n (%)

0

15 (27%)

8 (22%)

Lipid-lowering therapy

Statin, n (%)

0

4 (7%)

4 (11%)

Hypoglycemic therapy

Oral, n (%)

0

13 (24%)

9 (25%)

Insulin, n (%)

0

2 (4%)

3 (8%)