Prenatal ultrasonographic features and follow-up outcomes of 19 cases of congenital intrahepatic portosystemic venous shunts diagnosed during the foetal period

Insights into Imaging

Table 1 Patient characteristics of 19 foetuses diagnosed with IHPSS during the study period

Case	Maternal age (year)	GA (week)	Single or multiple shunts	Position of shunts	Cystic expansion at the shunt	Regular or irregular multiple shunts	FGR	Associated anomalies	Gender	Outcome	Delivery mode	Delivery gestational age (week)	Birth weight (g)	Surgical treatment	Spontaneous closure of shunt	Time to shunt closure (month)
1	26	36	SS	LPVi-LHV	Yes	–	Yes	None	Female	LB	CS	39	2400	No	YES	16
2	28	28	SS	LPVi-MHV	Yes	–	No	None	Male	LB	VD	38	Unknown	Yes	–	–
3	38	33	SS	LPVi-LHV	No	–	Yes	None	Female	LB	CS	35	1400	No	Yes	5
4	29	32	SS	LPVi-LHV	No	–	Yes	None	Male	LB	CS	37	1710	No	Yes	28
5	26	34	SS	LPVi-LHV	No	–	Yes	None	Unknown	TOP	–	–	–	–	–	–
6	35	28	SS	LPVi-LHV	No	–	No	None	Female	LB	CS	40	3240	No	Yes	8
7	29	38	SS	LPVi-LHV	No	–	Yes	CE;EIF	Unknown	TOP	–	–	–	–	–	–
8	42	36	SS	LPVm-RHV	Yes	–	Yes	None	Male	LB	CS	39	Unknown	No	Yes	1
9	32	26	SS	LPVi-LHV	No	–	No	None	Female	LB	CS	40	3400	No	Yes	14
10	38	39	SS	LPVs-LHV	Yes	–	No	None	Male	LB	VD	39	3530	Unknown	Unknown	–
11	23	31	SS	LPVi-LHV	No	–	Yes	DI	Unknown	LB	CS	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	–
12	25	32	SS	LPVm-MHV	No	–	Yes	CE	Unknown	TOP	–	–	–	–	–	–
13	32	37	MS	LPVi-LHV LPVs-LHV LPVm-MHV	No	Regular	No	CE;SM	Male	LB	CS	38	3000	No	Yes	3
14	30	25	MS	LPVi-LHV LPVs-LHV LPVm-MHV	No	Irregular	No	None	Unknown	TOP	–	–	–	–	–	–
15	25	35	MS	LPVi-LHV LPVs-LHV	Yes	Irregular	Yes	SM	Female	TOP	–	–	–	–	–	–
16	31	37	MS	LPVi-LHV LPVs-LHV	No	Regular	No	HSM	Male	LB	CS	38	Unknown	No	Yes	3
17	29	38	MS	LPVi-LHV LPVm-MHV	Yes	Irregular	No	None	Male	LB	CS	39	2600	No	Yes	1
18	29	37	MS	LPVm-MHV	No	Regular	No	None	Female	LB	Unknown	39	Unknown	No	Yes	2
19	22	40	MS	PS-IVC LPVs-LHV LPVm-MHV ARPV-RHV ARPV-MHV PRPV-RHV	No	Regular	NO	CE	Female	LB	VD	40	4500	Yes	–	–

GA gestational age at diagnosis, SS single shunt, MS multiple shunts, LPVi inferior left portal vein, LPVs superior left portal vein, LPVm medial left portal vein, ARPV anterior right portal vein, PRPV posterior right portal vein, LHV left hepatic vein, MHV middle hepatic vein, RHV right hepatic vein, PS portal sinus, IVC inferior vena cava, FGR foetal growth restriction, CE cardiac enlargement, SM splenomegaly, EIF Echogenic intracardiac focus, HSM hepatosplenomegaly, DI duodenal ileus, LB live birth, TOP termination of pregnancy, CS caesarean section, VD vaginal delivery