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Insights into Imaging

Table 1 Patient demographics and breast lesion characteristics

From: Deep learning based on ultrasound images assists breast lesion diagnosis in China: a multicenter diagnostic study

Characteristic

Training set

Internal test set

External test sets

Benign, n (%)

Malignant, n (%)

p value

Benign, n (%)

Malignant, n (%)

p value

Benign, n (%)

Malignant, n (%)

p value

Mean age (range) (y)

43.67 ± 13.14 (10–90)

 

43.21 ± 13.65 (16–85)

 

44.91 ± 12.06 (17–80)

 

Mean size (range) (cm)

1.84 ± 0.99 (0.30–7.46)

 

1.76 ± 0.94 (0.40–6.80)

 

2.05 ± 1.08 (0.35–7.00)

 

Patients (n)

2724

1425

 

305

161

 

191

206

 

Images (n)

6574

4904

 

728

546

 

489

802

 

Age (y)

38.99 ± 11.31

52.62 ± 11.70

0.000

38.78 ± 11.94

51.60 ± 12.75

0.000

39.07 ± 10.45

50.32 ± 10.89

0.000

 < 30

609 (22.36)

24 (1.68)

 

77 (25.24)

3 (1.86)

 

38 (19.90)

1 (0.49)

 

 30–39

824 (30.25)

162 (11.37)

 

95 (31.15)

25 (15.53)

 

63 (32.98)

28 (13.59)

 

 ≥ 40

1291 (47.39)

1239 (86.95)

 

133 (43.61)

133 (82.61)

 

90 (47.12)

177 (85.92)

 

Age at menarche (y)

13.52 ± 1.50

14.32 ± 1.71

0.000

13.33 ± 1.67

14.32 ± 1.84

0.000

13.85 ± 1.61

14.21 ± 1.78

0.036

Age at first live childbirth (y)

25.21 ± 3.16

25.03 ± 3.51

0.044

25.38 ± 3.50

24.70 ± 3.39

0.056

26.27 ± 3.56

26.00 ± 3.00

0.457

BMI (kg/m2)

22.01 ± 3.05

23.64 ± 3.19

0.000

21.73 ± 2.95

23.21 ± 2.92

0.000

22.76 ± 3.32

24.81 ± 3.50

0.000

Maximum diameter (cm)

1.58 ± 0.87

2.34 ± 1.03

0.000

1.53 ± 0.79

2.19 ± 1.05

0.000

1.81 ± 1.03

2.26 ± 1.07

0.000

 ≤ 2 cm

2107 (77.35)

624 (43.79)

 

241 (79.02)

82 (50.93)

 

132 (69.11)

97 (47.09)

 

 > 2 cm, ≤ 5 cm

597 (21.92)

775 (54.39)

 

62 (20.33)

76 (47.21)

 

58 (30.37)

105 (50.97)

 

 > 5 cm

20 (0.73)

26 (1.82)

 

2 (0.65)

3 (1.86)

 

1 (0.52)

4 (1.94)

 

Distance from nipple (cm)

2.48 ± 1.49

2.67 ± 1.57

0.000

2.44 ± 1.42

2.56 ± 1.52

0.364

2.63 ± 1.70

3.10 ± 1.69

0.006

Family history (first-degree relatives)

 

0.943

  

0.514

  

0.345

 

 No

2660 (97.65)

1385 (97.19)

 

294 (96.39)

157 (97.52)

 

186 (94.41)

197 (94.98)

 

 Yes

64 (2.35)

40 (2.81)

 

11 (3.61)

4 (2.48)

 

5 (5.59)

9 (5.02)

 

History of benign breast disease

 

0.000

  

0.045

  

0.005

 

 No

2552 (93.69)

1373 (96.35)

 

284 (93.11)

157 (97.52)

 

171 (89.53)

199 (96.60)

 

 Yes

172 (6.31)

52 (3.65)

 

21 (6.89)

4 (2.48)

 

20 (10.47)

7 (3.40)

 

Clinical symptom(s)

  

0.000

  

0.008

  

0.004

 No

675 (24.78)

136 (9.54)

 

76 (24.92)

23 (14.29)

 

78 (40.84)

56 (27.18)

 

 Yes

2049 (75.22)

1289 (90.46)

 

229 (75.08)

138 (85.71)

 

113 (59.16)

150 (72.82)

 

Position

  

0.130

  

0.486

  

0.513

 Left

1390 (50.03)

760 (53.33)

 

160 (52.46)

79 (49.07)

 

92 (48.17)

106 (51.46)

 

 Right

1334 (48.97)

665 (46.67)

 

145 (47.54)

82 (50.93)

 

99 (51.83)

100 (48.54)

 
  1. Data in parentheses are percentages
  2. BMI body mass index
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