Implementation of Whole-Body MRI (MY-RADS) within the OPTIMUM/MUKnine multi-centre clinical trial for patients with myeloma

Rata, Mihaela; Blackledge, Matthew; Scurr, Erica; Winfield, Jessica; Koh, Dow-Mu; Dragan, Alina; Candito, Antonio; King, Alexander; Rennie, Winston; Gaba, Suchi; Suresh, Priya; Malcolm, Paul; Davis, Amy; Nilak, Anjumara; Shah, Aarti; Gandhi, Sanjay; Albrizio, Mauro; Drury, Arnold; Roberts, Sadie; Jenner, Matthew; Brown, Sarah; Kaiser, Martin; Messiou, Christina

doi:10.1186/s13244-022-01253-0

Insights into Imaging

Table 2 WB-MRI protocol (DWI and T₁-w Dixon) for four main scanners across the 12 sites

From: Implementation of Whole-Body MRI (MY-RADS) within the OPTIMUM/MUKnine multi-centre clinical trial for patients with myeloma

MRI Parameters	DWI				T₁-w Dixon
Sequences	2D single-shot echo planar imaging				3D gradient echo
Scanner type	1.5 T Siemens	1.5 T Philips	3 T Siemens	3 T GE	1.5 T Siemens	1.5 T Philips	3 T Siemens	3 T GE
Protocol Labelling	A	C	B	D	A	C	B	D
Vendor sequence name	DWI	DWI	DWI	DWI	Vibe Dixon	FFE mDixon	Vibe Dixon	Lava Flex
Acquisition plane	Axial	Axial	Axial	Axial	Axial	Axial	Axial	Axial
Breathing mode¹ (FB/BH)	FB	FB	FB	FB	BH	BH	BH	BH
Station acquisition time [min:s]	04:47	04:21	03:37	05:13	00:17	00:17	00:14	00:19
Number of averages (per b value)	3, 6, 6	3, 6, 6	3, 6, 6	3, 6, 6	1	1	1	1
Acquired resolution [mm²]	3.2 × 3.2	3.2 × 3.2	3.2 × 3.2	3.2 × 3.2	1.6 × 1.6	1.6 × 1.6	1.6 × 1.6	1.6 × 1.6
Reconstructed resolution [mm²]	1.6 × 1.6	1.6 × 1.6	1.6 × 1.6	3.2 × 3.2	0.8 × 0.8	0.8 × 0.8	0.8 × 0.8	0.8 × 0.8
Slice thickness [mm]	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5
Slices per station	40	40	40	36	40	40	52	40
Slice gap [mm]	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slice oversampling [%]	–	–	–	–	20	27.9	23.1	na
TR [ms]	6240	5664	4690	6000	7.6	5.3	4.2	5.4
TE [ms]	73	75	71	66	2.39/4.77	1.73/3.6	1.23/2.46	1.2/2.4
TI [ms] (STIR² fat suppresion)	180	180	260	260	–	–	–	–
Flip angle [°]	90	90	90	90	16	16	16	12
Acquisition matrix (read dir.)	134	136	132	134	256	268	256	276
FOV (read direction) [mm]	430	430	430	430	430	430	430	430
FOV (phase direction) [%]	81	83	82	100	75	75	75	100
Receiver bandwidth³ [Hz/Px]	1964	3025 [water–fat shift 5.6 pixel]	1994	3732 [± 250 kHz]	400	676 [water–fat shift 0.3 pixel]	1030	1208 [± 166.67 kHz]
Parallel imaging⁴/acceleration	GRAPPA 2 (30 ref. lines)	SENSE 2.5	GRAPPA 2 (30 ref. lines)	ASSET 2	CAIPIRINHA 2 × 2	SENSE (phase reduction) 2.5	CAIPIRIHNA 2 × 2	ARC (phase reduction) 2
Phase partial Fourier	7/8	no	7/8	–	no	no	no	no
Diffusion mode⁵	3-Scan Trace	Grad. overplus	4-Scan Trace	ALL (3 in 1)	–	–	–	–
Diffusion encoding scheme	bipolar	monopolar	monopolar	monopolar	–	–	–	–
3 b-values [s/mm²]	50, 600, 900	50, 600, 900	50, 600, 900	50, 600, 900	–	–	–	–
Station number	6	6	6	6	7	7	7	7
Station overlap [mm]	0	0	0	0	20	20	60	20

¹FB free breathing; BH breath holding.
²STIR short Tau inversion recovery; TI inversion time
³Receiver bandwidth is quoted in Hz/Px for all manufacturers; For Philips and GE manufacturers their equivalent terminology is presented in square brakets
⁴GRAPPA Generalised autocalibrating partially parallel acquisition; SENSE sensitivity encoding; ASSET array spatial sensitivity encoding technique; CAIPIRINHA Controlled Aliasing in Parallel Imaging Results in Higher Acceleration; ARC Autocalibrating Reconstruction for Cartesian imaging
⁵Three-scan trace and gradient overplus use three mutually orthogonal diffusion gradient directions (not aligned with the cardinal directions of the scanner); ALL uses 3 gradient directions aligned with scanner's directions. Four-scan trace use four diffusion gradient directions. In all cases, images from 3, or 4, respectively, diffusion gradient directions were combined to produce trace images

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