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Fig. 4 | Insights into Imaging

Fig. 4

From: The current role and future directions of imaging in failed back surgery syndrome patients: an educational review

Fig. 4

Fluoroscopic myelography and CT myelography images after lumbar punction and intradural injection with iodine-contrast medium. A Fluoroscopic myelography image after lumbar punction. The lumbar punction needle is annotated by the white arrow. Iodine-contrast is inserted into intradural space and shows spinal stenosis (white arrowheads) at level L4–L5 and, to a lesser extent, at level L3–L4. B–D Sagittal reconstructions of CT myelography (localization as depicted by the axial miniature on the right-hand side). The injected iodine-contrast is observed as radiopaque fluid in the dural sac. These images confirmed the observed spinal stenosis at level L4–L5 and L3–L4 as observed on fluoroscopic myelography. Spinal stenoses are annotated by use of the white arrowheads

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