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Fig. 1 | Insights into Imaging

Fig. 1

From: The current role and future directions of imaging in failed back surgery syndrome patients: an educational review

Fig. 1

Search strategy. Overall, we noticed that many studies did not provide a conclusive statement on what patients were studied or what symptoms the studied patients suffered from. Consequently, these studies were excluded as we were unsure whether FBSS patients were studied. Also, some studies focused on the preoperative setting, and only a few studies explored any possible correlations between imaging features and symptomatology. Since the reviewed papers in the current study were nonrandomized and mostly explorative, no quality assessment tools were available. Therefore, the level of evidence and risk of bias could not formally be assessed. The lack of randomized or diagnostic accuracy trials could be declared by the current obscurity of what imaging features may clarify FBSS symptomatology

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