Table 1 Overview of the included studies
Authors (year) | N | Age (years) | M/F | MRI perfusion method + details on analysis | Glioma types and grades included | Outcome assessed | Major findings |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Brendle et al. (2020) [30] | 56 | Mean age 48.0 ± 16.0 | 33/23 | DSC Gradient echo sequence Pre-bolus of contrast agent was applied (0.025 mmol/kg gadobutrol) Mean rCBV values BSW-model based leakage correction | WHO grade II: 29 WHO grade III: 20 WHO grade IV: 7 IDHmut: 32 IDHwt: 24 | IDH mutation status & 1p/19q codeletion status | The mean rCBV was significantly different between the astrocytic tumors, oligodendrogliomas and IDHmut astrocytic tumors and oligodendrogliomas and IDHwt astrocytic tumors |
Choi et al. (2019) [20] | 463 | Mean age 52.2 ± 14.8 | 272/191 | DSC Gradient echo sequence Pre-bolus of 0.1 mmol/kg gadobutrol Mean rCBV values No information on postprocessing with regard to leakage-correction | WHO grade II: 32 WHO grade III: 142 WHO grade IV: 289 IDHmut: 328 IDHwt: 125 1p/19q codel: 56 1p/19q non-codel: 407 | IDH mutation status | The IDH mutation status predictions had an accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of 92.8%, 92.6%, and 93.1%, respectively, in the validation set with an AUC of 0.9 (95%-CI 0.969–0.991). In the test set, the IDH genotype prediction had an accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of 91.7%, 92.1%, and 91.5%, respectively, with an AUC of 0.95 (95%-CI 0.898–0.982) |
Hempel et al. (2019) [21] | 100 | Mean age 51.4 ± 14.7 | 55/45 | DSC Gradient echo sequence Pre-bolus of 0.1 mmol/kg gadobutrol Mean rCBV values* BSW-model based leakage correction | WHO grade II: 40 WHO grade III: 30 WHO grade IV: 30 IDHmut: 31 IDHwt: 46 1p/19q codel: 23 | IDH mutation status | rCBV was significantly lower in patients with IDHmut than in those with the IDHwt. Mean rCBV values showed a sensitivity/specificity of 52/91 for the prediction of IDH mutation status with an AUC of 0.780 |
Hilario et al. (2019) [22] (X) | 49 | Range 16–78 | 28/21 | DSC Gradient echo sequence Pre-bolus of 0.1 mmol/kg gadobutrol No rCBV values provided BSW-model based leakage correction | LGG: 8 HGG: 41 IDHmut: 10 IDHwt: 31 | IDH mutation status | Significant differences in the values of leakage (p = 0.01), Ktrans (p = 0.002), Vp (p = 0.032) and Ve (p < 0.001) between high-grade and low-grade diffuse gliomas were observed The highest AUC was demonstrated by the DCE permeability parameters Ktrans (AUC = 0.838, CI95% 0.710–0.967, p = 0.003) and Ve (AUC = 0.878, CI95% 0.768–0.988, p = 0.001). Among IDHmut and IDHwt highgrade gliomas, there were significant differences in leakage (p = 0.004) and Ktrans values (p = 0.028) showing lower leakage and Ktrans values |
| Â | Â | Â | Â | DCE Dynamic gradient echo sequence 5Â mL of gadobutrol at a rate of 3Â mL/s Mean Ktrans, Vp, Ve and Kep values Model based leakage correction | Â | Â | Â |
Lee et al. (2018) [23] | 39 | Mean age 43.6 (range 21–82) | 19/20 | DSC Gradient echo sequence No prebolus administration described Mean rCBV values* BSW-model based leakage correction | WHO grade II: 19 WHO grade III: 20 | WHO grade | Ktrans, Kep, and Ve showed tendencies toward higher values in oligodendroglial tumors than astrocytic tumors |
| Â | Â | Â | Â | DCE Dynamic gradient echo sequence 0.1Â mmol/kg gadobutrol at a rate of 4Â mL/s Mean Ktrans Model based leakage correction | Â | Â | Â |
Lee et al. (2020) [24] (X) | 110 | IDHmut.- 1p/19q noncodel: mean age 40.7 ± 12.8; IDHwt: mean age 51.2 ± 14.0; IDHmut-1p/19q codel: mean age 46.5 ± 11.7 | 56/54 | DSC Gradient echo sequence Pre-bolus of 0.1 mmol/kg gadoterate meglumine Mean normalized rCBV values* BSW-model based leakage correction | WHO grade II: 45 WHO grade III: 65 IDHmut: 65 IDHwt: 45 1p/19q codel: 46 1p/19q non-codel: 19 | IDH mutation status & 1p/19q codeletion status | When using nCBV skewness, the AUC was found to be 0.690 (95%-CI: 0.573, 0.807) with a sensitivity of 84.2 and specificity of 59.3 to distinguish IDHmut-1p/19q noncodel from the other two groups |
Sudre et al. (2020) [25] | 333 | Mean age 48.9 (range 20–81) | 198/135 | DSC No details provided on imaging protocol and whether or not a prebolus was administered Mean rCBV values* BSW-model based leakage correction | WHO grade II: 101 WHO grade III: 74 WHO grade IV: 158 IDHmut: 151 IDHwt: 182 | WHO grade & IDH mutation status | Shape, distribution and texture features showed significant differences across mutation status. WHO grade II-III differentiation was mostly driven by shape features, while texture and intensity feature were more relevant for the III-IV separation. Increased number of features became significant when differentiating grades further apart from one another. Gliomas were correctly stratified by mutation status in 71% and by grade in 53% of the cases |
Wang et al. (2020) [31] (X) | 30 | IDHmut: mean age 42.8 (range 22–67) IDHwt: mean age 47.9 (range 19–78) | 17/13 | DCE Dynamic gradient echo sequence Pre-bolus of 0.1 mmol/kg gadopentetate dimeglumine at a rate of 4 mL/s Mean Ktrans, Vp, Ve Model based leakage correction | WHO grade II: 22 WHO grade III: 8 IDHmut: 18 IDHwt: 12 | IDH mutation status | Compared to IDHmut LGGs, IDHwt LGGs exhibited significantly higher perfusion metrics (p < 0.05) |
Wu et al. (2020) [26] | 44 | 63.8 ± 7.4 | 27/17 | DSC Gradient echo sequence No pre-bolus administration** Mean rCBV values Gamma-variate curve fitting leakage correction | WHO grade III: 19 WHO grade IV: 25 IDHmut: 19 IDHwt: 25 1p/19q codel: 7 1p/19q non-codel: 3 | IDH mutation status | Compared with IDHwt, IDHmut had significantly decreased rCBV at the high-angiogenic enhancing tumor habitats and low-angiogenic enhancing tumor habitats |
Xing et al. (2017) [27] (X) | 42 | IDHmut: mean age 35.8 ± 9.1 IDHwt: mean age 46.0 ± 18.4 | 26/16 | DSC Gradient echo sequence Pre-bolus of 0.1 mmol/kg gadobenate dimeglumine Mean rCBVmax values* BSW-model based leakage correction | WHO grade II: 24 WHO grade III: 18 IDHmut: 17 IDHwt: 25 | IDH mutation status | The threshold value of < 2.35 for relative maximum CBV in the prediction of IDH mutation status provided a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of 100.0%, 60.9%, 85.6%, and 100.0%, respectively |
Xing et al. (2019) [28] | 75 | IDHmut: mean age 52.2 ± 12.7 IDHwt: mean age 40.7 ± 10.8 | 41/34 | DSC Gradient echo sequence Pre-bolus of 0.1 mmol/kg gadobenate dimeglumine Mean rCBVmax values* BSW-model based leakage correction | WHO grade IV: 75 IDHmut: 10 IDHwt: 65 | IDH mutation status | Both rCBVmax-t and rCBVmax-p showed significant differences between IDHmut and IDHwt. The optimal cutoff values in prediction of IDH-m. < 7.27 for rCBVmax-tumor, and < 0.97 for rCBVmax-peri-enhancing region |
Zhang et al. (2020) [29] (X) (X) | 43 | 47.0 ± 13.0 | 20/23 | DSC Gradient echo sequence DSC imaging followed DCE imaging; no separate pre-bolus was administered Mean rCBVmax values* BSW-model based leakage correction | WHO grade II: 14 WHO grade III: 14 WHO grade IV: 15 IDHmut: 20 IDHwt: 23 | IDH mutation status | Ve (AUC = 0.816, sensitivity = 0.84, specificity = 0.79) and Kep (AUC = 0.818, sensitivity = 0.76, specificity = 0.78) provided the highest differential efficiency for IDH mutation status prediction |
| Â | Â | Â | Â | DCE Dynamic gradient echo sequence Pre-bolus of 0.1Â mmol/kg gadodiamide Mean Ktrans, Vp, Ve* Model based leakage correction | Â | Â | Â |