Table 1 Procedural data (for the total study period and 5-year periods)
1993–1997 (n = 73) | 1998–2002 (n = 182) | 2003–2007 (n = 156) | 2008–2012 (n = 227) | 2013–2018 (n = 197) | Total (n = 835) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TIPS implantation setting | ||||||
Emergency TIPS implantation | 11 (15.1%) | 11 (6.0%) | 19 (12.2%) | 26 (11.5%) | 21 (10.7%) | 88 (10.5%) |
Elective TIPS implantation | 62 (84.9%) | 171 (94.0%) | 137 (87.8%) | 201 (88.5%) | 176 (89.3%) | 747 (89.5%) |
Anesthesia | ||||||
Analgosedation | 61 (92.4%) | 162 (92.6%) | 135 (93.1%) | 201 (88.9%) | 152 (85.4%) | 711 (90.0%) |
General anesthesia | 5 (7.6%) | 13 (7.4%) | 10 (6.9%) | 25 (11.1%) | 26 (14.6%) | 79 (10.0%) |
Ascites before TIPS | 45 (61.6%) | 133 (73.5%) | 131 (84.5%) | 192 (84.6%) | 170 (86.7%) | 671 (80.6%) |
Ascites puncture/drainage before TIPS | 18 (30.0%) | 106 (61.3%) | 102 (68.0%) | 166 (77.2%) | 143 (78.1%) | 535 (68.5%) |
Anticoagulation before TIPS | ||||||
None | 66 (98.5%) | 154 (96.9%) | 141 (95.3%) | 184 (93.4%) | 156 (94.0%) | 701 (95.1%) |
ASS | 1 (1.5%) | 2 (1.3%) | 3 (2.0%) | 6 (3.0%) | 6 (3.6%) | 18 (2.4%) |
Heparin | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (1.3%) | 2 (1.4%) | 3 (1.5%) | 1 (0.6%) | 8 (1.1%) |
Other anticoagulation | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (0.6%) | 2 (1.4%) | 4 (2.0%) | 3 (1.8%) | 10 (1.4%) |
Anticoagulation after TIPS | ||||||
None | 6 (15.8%) | 36 (25.5%) | 12 (8.5%) | 9 (4.5%) | 4 (2.1%) | 67 (9.5%) |
Heparin | 31 (81.6%) | 103 (73.0%) | 129 (90.8%) | 189 (95.0%) | 183 (97.3%) | 635 (89.7%) |
Other anticoagulation | 1 (2.6%) | 2 (1.4%) | 1 (0.7%) | 1 (0.5%) | 1 (0.5%) | 6 (0.8%) |
Navigation technique | ||||||
Fluoroscopy only with landmarks | 11 (28.9%) | 20 (13.0%) | 20 (13.8%) | 52 (23.4%) | 37 (19.2%) | 140 (18.6%) |
Fluoroscopy and Ultrasound | 21 (55.3%) | 123 (79.9%) | 117 (80.7%) | 158 (71.2%) | 146 (75.6%) | 565 (75.1%) |
Direct portography | 2 (5.3%) | 3 (1.9%) | 4 (2.8%) | 12 (5.4%) | 3 (1.6%) | 24 (3.2%) |
Indirect portography | 4 (10.5%) | 2 (1.3%) | 1 (0.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 7 (0.9%) |
CO2-Angiography | 0 (0.0%) | 5 (3.2%) | 2 (1.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 7 (0.9%) |
Cone-beam CT | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 6 (3.1%) | 6 (0.8%) |
Other navigation techniques | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (0.6%) | 1 (0.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (0.5%) | 3 (0.4%) |
Target liver vein | ||||||
Right liver vein | 36 (90.0%) | 129 (86.6%) | 116 (83.5%) | 202 (93.5%) | 174 (92.1%) | 657 (89.6%) |
Middle liver vein | 3 (7.5%) | 18 (12.1%) | 20 (14.4%) | 9 (4.2%) | 14 (7.4%) | 64 (8.7%) |
Left liver vein | 1 (2.5%) | 1 (0.7%) | 3 (2.2%) | 1 (0.5%) | 1 (0.5%) | 7 (1.0%) |
Variant | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (0.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | 4 (1.9%) | 0 (0.0%) | 5 (0.7%) |