Endovascular embolization techniques in acute thoracic and abdominal bleedings can be technically reproduced and trained in a standardized simulation setting using SLA 3D printing: a 1-year single-center study

Insights into Imaging

Table 2 Demographic and clinical overview and the comparison to the simulation success

Baseline characteristics	Mean ± SD/number (%)	Spearman correlation	p
Age (years)	64.1 ± 18.4	0.09	0.57
BMI (kg/m²)	25.1 ± 5.7	0.21	0.21
BSA (m²)	1.8 ± 0.2	0.00	0.99
Hemoglobin (g/dl)	9.2 ± 2.1	0.07	0.68
Leukocytes (G/l)	11.6 ± 5.4	0.18	0.27
Thrombocytes (G/l)	297.4 ± 187.8	0.27	0.11
CRP (mg/dl)	5.3 ± 5.6	0.05	0.78
Creatinine (mg/dl)	1.3 ± 1.5	0.14	0.41
TSH (mU/l)	2.4 ± 2.2	0.24	0.14
Male gender	24 (60 %)	n/a	0.42
Coronary artery disease	6 (15 %)	n/a	0.43
Myocardial infarction	4 (10 %)	n/a	0.92
Arterial hypertension	22 (55 %)	n/a	0.22
Diabetes mellitus	9 (22.5 %)	n/a	0.54
History of stroke	8 (20 %)	n/a	0.70
Renal failure	8 (20 %)	n/a	0.21
Smoking	13 (32.5 %)	n/a	0.30
Alcohol	4 (10 %)	n/a	0.16
Interventional parameters
Contrast agent (ml)	78.4 ± 28	− 0.02	0.92
Dose area product (mGy·cm²)	173.1 ± 186.2	0.27	0.11
Fluoroscopic time (min.)	25.1 ± 15.4	0.02	0.89
Number of coils	4.7 ± 4.6	0.49	0.001 *

Baseline characteristics including patient history and clinical data as well as interventional parameters of all patients included in this study. The laboratory data corresponds to the values directly before the embolization procedure. * = statistically significant