Table 2 Summary of MRI techniques and possible protocols in repaired complex ACHD
From: Complex adult congenital heart disease on cross-sectional imaging: an introductory overview
Technique | Repaired TOF | Repaired D-TGA | Fontan circuit |
|---|---|---|---|
Bright or black blood imaging | Axial, coronal, sagittal, RVOT, main PAs | Axial, coronal, sagittal, RVOT (if atrial switch) | Axial, coronal, sagittal, main PAs |
2D SSFP Cine | LV: 2, 3, and 4 chamber views, short-axis stacks RV: 3 chamber views, RVOT stacks Oblique axial stack of the main PAs | LV: 2, 3, and 4 chamber views, short-axis stacks RV: 3 chamber views, RVOT stacks Oblique axial stack of the PAs (arterial switch) Coronal/axial planes of systemic/pulmonary venous pathways (atrial switch) | LV: 2, 3, and 4 chamber views, short-axis stacks RV: 3 chamber views Short axis and axial stacks covering the whole circuit Coronal stack of the extra-cardiac conduit in long axis |
3D SSFP | Detailed assessment of thoracic vasculature | Evaluation of venous baffles (atrial switch) or proximal coronary arteries (arterial switch) | May be more suitable than contrast angiography due to timing of contrast injection issues |
Phase contrast | Ao, pulmonary trunk, main PAs | Ao, pulmonary trunk, main PAs IVC/SVC (if atrial switch and obstruction suspected) | Ao, pulmonary trunk, main PAs, cavopulmonary connections, extracardiac conduit |
Contrast angiography | Evaluation of main PAs if stenosis suspected | Evaluation of venous baffles (atrial switch) and pulmonary trunk (arterial switch) | Assessment of aortopulmonary collaterals and potential AVMs |
Gadolinium enhancement | LV: 2, 3, and 4 chamber views, short axis stacks RV: 3 chamber views, RVOT | LV: 2, 3, and 4 chamber views, short axis stacks RV: 3 chamber views, RVOT | LV: 2, 3, and 4 chamber views, short axis stacks RV: 3 chamber views |