Post-systolic shortening is superior to global longitudinal strain in predicting adverse events in patients with stable coronary artery disease and preserved systolic function

Insights into Imaging

Table 4 Cox regression analysis of multiple variables on the composite endpoint

	Univariable analysis		Multivariable analysis
	HR (95% CI)	P value	Model 1 HR (95% CI)	P value	Model 2 HR (95% CI)	P value
Male	1.06 (0.46–2.40)	0.898
Age	1.06 (1.01–1.10)	0.008*	1.03 (0.99–1.07)	0.137	1.03 (0.99–1.07)	0.102
Body mass index, kg/m²	1.00 (0.87–1.14)	0.952
Heart rate, bpm	0.99 (0.95–1.03)	0.602
Systolic blood pressure, mmHg	1.02 (1.00–1.04)	0.060
Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg	1.03 (1.00–1.06)	0.081
Revascularization therapy	1.42 (0.59–3.41)	0.429
Hypertension	2.38 (1.01–5.59)	0.046*	2.12 (0.86–5.25)	0.102	1.71 (0.69–4.28)	0.250
Diabetes	1.65 (0.78–3.45)	0.187
Carotid plaque	1.22 (0.55–2.68)	0.625
Number of coronary stenoses	1.18 (0.84–1.66)	0.336
NYHA functional class III–IV	2.24 (1.05–4.76)	0.036*	1.45 (0.66–3.18)	0.350	1.29 (0.59–2.80)	0.523
LVEF, %	0.94 (0.88–1.01)	0.104	0.97 (0.90–1.05)	0.422	0.97 (0.90–1.05)	0.508
E/A	0.22 (0.04–1.22)	0.082
E/e′	0.97 (0.87–1.07)	0.560
GLS, -%	0.85 (0.76–0.95)	0.004*	0.95 (0.84–1.08)	0.419	0.96 (0.85–1.09)	0.965
PSI, %	1.19 (1.09–1.29)	0.001*	1.15 (1.04–1.27)	0.005*
Per 1 increase in number of walls with PSS	1.69 (1.39–2.05)	< 0.000*			1.52 (1.21–1.91)	< 0.000*

HR: hazard ratio; CI: confidence interval; NYHA: New York Heart Association; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; E/A: mitral inflow peak early velocity/mitral inflow peak late velocity; E/e′: mitral inflow peak early velocity/mitral annular peak early velocity; GLS: global longitudinal strain; PSI: post-systolic index; PSS: post-systolic shortening
*p < 0.05