Table 1 Imaging findings of primary hepatic angiosarcoma

No. of patients

19

35

7

13

5

Focality

Predominantly unifocal

All multifocal

Predominantly multifocal

Predominantly multifocal

Predominantly multifocal

Tumour border

Indistinct

Well-circumscribed

N/A

N/A

N/A

Size

3–18 cm

2.6–20 cm

 < 3–19 cm

 < 3–14 cm

N/A

CT

Non-enhanced

Homogeneous/heterogeneous low density with focal areas of hyper attenuation

Heterogeneous density with focal areas of hyper attenuation

Hypodense with focal areas of hyper attenuation

Heterogeneous low density with focal areas of hyper attenuation

Hypodense

MRI

T1

Heterogeneously low SI

N/A

Low SI with focal areas of high SI

Low SI with focal areas of high SI

N/A

T2

Heterogeneously high SI

Predominantly high SI

Heterogeneously high SI

Heterogeneously high SI

N/A

Contrast-enhancement pattern

Heterogeneous enhancement with centripetal filling

Heterogeneous foci of hypervascular enhancement with variable morphology but with progressive expansion on portal venous phase and follow blood pool on more delayed phase

Variable patterns at early phase, including patchy peripheral rim enhancement, bizarre-shaped intralesional foci of enhancement and small lesions with no enhancement. On dynamic contrast imaging, lesions showed varying degrees of progressive enhancement, with small nodules showing homogeneous enhancement

Variable patterns of enhancement depending on morphology – multiple small nodules showed hypoattenuating nodules; large masses showed heterogeneous enhancement with central necrosis. Progressive enhancement over time on delayed post-contrast imaging except for central regions

Intense and progressive enhancement in vascular areas of tumour, either peripheral or central

Cirrhosis

4

15

N/A

N/A

N/A

Metastasis at presentation

3

16

2

7

N/A