Table 1 Clinical and radiological characteristics of patients involved in this research

Age (years)

57.48 ± 12.10

57.12 ± 11.94

59.07 ± 12.73

1.268

Gender, n (%)

Male

240 (59.1%)

189 (57.3%)

51 (67.1%)

2.471

Female

166 (40.9%)

141 (42.7%)

25 (32.9%)

BMI (kg/m²)

24.30 ± 4.07

24.45 ± 4.04

23.69 ± 4.17

1.469

Smoking history, n (%)

135 (33.3%)

105 (31.8%)

30 (39.5%)

1.631

Hypertension, n (%)

147 (36.2%)

125 (37.9%)

22 (28.9%)

2.133

Diabetes, n (%)

62 (15.3%)

49 (14.8%)

13 (17.1%)

0.243

Tumor size (cm)

4.51 ± 2.29

4.21 ± 2.02

5.82 ± 2.85

4.674

Tumor bearing, n (%)

Left

214 (52.7%)

178 (53.9%)

36 (47.4%)

1.070

Right

192 (47.3%)

152 (46.1%)

40 (52.6%)

Operative method, n (%)

Partial

213 (52.3%):

192 (58.2%):

20 (26.3%):

25.140

Radical

194 (47.7%)

138 (41.8%)

56 (73.7%)

Hematuria, n (%)

49 (12.1%)

34 (10.3%)

15 (19.7%)

5.180

Flank pain, n (%)

63 (15.5%)

48 (14.5%)

15 (19.7%)

1.270

Distant Metastasis, n (%)

2 (0.5%)

0 (0.0%)

2 (2.6%)

–

Intratumoral necrosis, n (%)

192 (47.3%)

135 (40.9%)

57 (75.0%)

28.802

Cystic Degeneration, n (%)

39 (9.6%)

34 (10.3%)

5 (6.6%)

1.001

Calcification, n (%)

24 (5.9%)

12 (3.6%)

12 (15.8%)

14.292

Violation of the Renal Capsule, n (%)

64 (15.8%)

35 (10.6%)

29 (38.2%)

35.314

Angiogenesis, n (%)

250 (61.6%)

184 (55.8%)

66 (86.8%)

25.228

Venous invasion, n (%)

9 (2.2%)

2 (0.6%)

7 (9.2%)

17.316

Perinephric metastasis, n (%)

42 (10.3%)

18 (5.5%)

24 (31.6%)

45.456