Table 1 Frequency and location of MS damages in the brainstem
From: The brainstem in multiple sclerosis: MR identification of tracts and nuclei damage
| Structure | Medulla | Pons | Midbrain | Abbreviations | Label |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cortico-spinal tract | 8 (16%) | 12 (24%) | 6 (12%) | CST | 1 |
| Medial lemniscus | 7 (14%) | 10 (20%) | 7 (14%) | ML | 2 |
| Cuneate and gracile fasciculi | 5 (10%) | CFGF | 2.1 | ||
| Internal arcuate fibers | 5 (10%) | IAF | 2.2 | ||
| Spino thalamic tract | 9 (18%) | 22 (44%) | 11 (22%) | STT | 3 |
| Medial longitudinal fasciculus | 4 (8%) | 17 (34%) | 9 (18%) | MLF | 4 |
| Transverse fibers of the pons | 33 (66%) | TFP | 5 | ||
| Spino cerebellar tract | 6 (12%) | SCT | 6 | ||
| Central tegmental tract | 3 (6%) | 9 (18%) | 8 (16%) | CTT | 7 |
| Fronto pontine fibers | 2 (4%) | FPF | 8 | ||
| Parieto- occipito- temporo pontine fibers | 3 (6%) | POTPF | 9 | ||
| Lateral lemniscus | 18 (36%) | 6 (12%) | LL | 10 | |
| Inferior cerebellar peduncle | 4 (8%) | ICP | 11 | ||
| Middle cerebellar peduncle | 14 (28%) | MCP | 12 | ||
| Superior cerebellar peduncle | 39 (78%) | 3 (6%) | SCP | 13 | |
| Hypoglossal nucleus and nerve | 14 (28%) | XII | 14 | ||
| Solitary nucleus and tract | 20 (40%) | ST | 15 | ||
| Vague nerve | 1 (2%) | X | 15.1 | ||
| Vestibular and cochlear nuclei and nerves | 16 (32%) | 17 (34%) | VIII | 16 | |
| Facial nucleus and nerve | 20 (40%) | VII | 17 | ||
| Abducens nucleus and nerve | 17 (34%) | VI | 18 | ||
| Trigeminal tract | 12 (24%) | 15 (30%) | 3 (6%) | V | 19 |
| Oculomotor nucleus and nerve | 7 (14%) | III | 20 | ||
| Olivary complex | 16 (32%) | OC | 21 | ||
| Red nucleus | 3 (6%) | RN | 22 | ||
| Substantia nigra | 6 (12%) | SN | 23 | ||
| Inferior colliculus | 1 (2%) | IC | 24 | ||
| Superior colliculus | 1 (2%) | SC | 25 | ||
| Periventricular gray | 5 (10%) | 20 (40%) | 1 (2%) | PVG | 26 |
| Periaqueductal gray | 14 (28%) | PAG | 27 | ||
| Raphe nuclei | 13 (26%) | 7 (14%) | R | 28 | |
| Reticular formation | 2 (4%) | 6 (12%) | 4 (8%) | RF |