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Table 4 Comparisons of renal cortical or medullary T2*, ADC and IVIM-derived parameters among the three groups

From: Noninvasive assessment of kidney dysfunction in children by using blood oxygenation level-dependent MRI and intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted imaging

 

Healthy volunteers

CKD stage 1–3

CKD stage 4–5

p value

(n = 11)

(n = 51)

(n = 12)

aP

bP

cP

Cortex

T2*

52.50 ± 1.64

49.67 ± 3.34

43.47 ± 2.31

0.006

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

ADC

2.014 ± 0.129

1.894 ± 0.118

1.658 ± 0.157

0.006

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

Dt

1.794 ± 0.852

1.670 ± 0.103

1.510 ± 0.178

0.002

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

Dp

21.94 ± 1.882

17.41 ± 10.96

16.35 ± 4.77

0.152

0.159

0.726

fp

0.257 ± 0.051

0.229 ± 0.066

0.187 ± 0.025

0.154

0.006

0.029

Medulla

T2*

27.27 ± 2.16

25.38 ± 2.06

21.33 ± 1.86

0.007

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

ADC

1.870 ± 0.159

1.752 ± 0.131

1.538 ± 0.146

0.011

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

Dt

1.666 ± 0.086

1.564 ± 0.080

1.432 ± 0.155

0.002

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

Dp

20.06 ± 1.35

15.53 ± 9.83

13.54 ± 5.21

0.239

0.122

0.423

fp

0.214 ± 0.019

0.203 ± 0.096

0.161 ± 0.028

0.694

0.127

0.114

  1. The unit of T2* is ms; ADC, Dt and Dp value are given as × 10–3mm2/s. The f value is dimensionless
  2. ADC apparent diffusion coefficient, Dt pure diffusion coefficient, Dp perfusion-related diffusion coefficient, fp pseudodiffusion fraction
  3. aP represents Healthy volunteers vs CKD stage 1–3
  4. bP represents Healthy volunteers vs CKD stage 4–5
  5. cP represents CKD stage 1–3 vs CKD stage 4–5