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Table 2 Conventional ultrasound and Doppler criteria to detect malignant nodule (n=72)

From: Accuracy of shear wave elastography in characterization of thyroid nodules in children and adolescents

Ultrasound features

Malignant (n = 14)

Benign (n = 58)

Statistical significance

N (%)

N (%)

p value*

Odds ratio (95% CI)

Phi coefficiency #

Echopattern

Hypoechoic

10 (71.4)

9 (15.5)

 < 0.001

13.61 (3.49–53.03)

0.502

Not hypoechoic

4 (28.6)

49 (84.5)

   

Shape

Taller than wide

9 (64.3)

19 (32.8)

0.037

3.695 (1.09–12.55)

0.256

Wider than tall

5 (35.7)

39 (67.2)

   

Consistency

Solid

12 (85.7)

47 (81.0)

1.0

1.4 (0.27–7.2)

.048

Partially solid

2 (14.3)

11 (19.0)

   

Halo

Halo Absent

12 (85.7)

11 (19.0)

 < 0.001

25.64 (5.0–131.44)

0.567

Halo Present

2 (14.3)

47 (81.0)

   

Outline

Irregular

8 (57.1)

8 (13.8)

0.002

8.333 (2.28–30.43)

.413

Regular

6 (42.9)

50 (86.2)

   

Calcification

Micro-calcification

11 (78.6)

2 (3.4)

 < 0.001

102.67 (15.32–688.1)

0.773

No mico-calcification

3 (21.4)

56 (96.6)

   

Vascularity

Internal vascularity &/internal and peripheral

12 (85.7)

6 (10.3)

 < 0.001

52.0 (9.32–290.11)

0.689

No vascularity and/peripheral vascularity

2 (14.3)

52 (89.7)

   
  1. *Fisher exact test was used as some expected cell values were less than 5
  2. CI, Confidence interval
  3. Significant p value if < 0.05 level
  4. # To detect effect size of the difference
  5. Weak (0.2)–Moderate (0.4)–Strong (0.6)–Very strong (0.8)–Perfect (1.0)