Fig. 12
From: Complications of renal interventions: a pictorial review of CT findings
Post-contrast arterial phase axial CT images of vascular complications following non-targeted ultrasound-guided 14-gauge core biopsies of the left kidney in two patients. a Arteriovenous fistula. There is a fistulous connection (red arrow) between the left renal artery (white arrow) and the left renal vein (yellow) with associated early arterialised enhancement of the proximal left renal vein, medial to the arteriovenous fistula. There is an associated retroperitoneal haematoma (black arrow). b Arterial pseudoaneurysm. A small pseudoaneurysm (red arrow) arising from a segmental branch of the left renal artery (yellow arrow) is visualised as an adjacent small focus of rounded arterial enhancement (red arrow). The main left renal artery is also visible (white arrow). There is an associated left perinephric and retroperitoneal haematoma (black arrows)