Table 2 Primary clinical or mpMRI characteristics of prostatic abnormalities
From: Differential diagnosis of uncommon prostate diseases: combining mpMRI and clinical information
Prostatic abnormalities | Primary clinical or mpMRI characteristics |
|---|---|
Acinar adenocarcinoma with/without other glandular neoplasms | Age: elderly men PSA: sharply elevated PI-RADS: suitable |
BPH | Age: elderly men PSA: slightly elevated PI-RADS: suitable |
Chronic prostatitis | PSA: slightly elevated PI-RADS: suitable |
Benign hyperplastic nodules outside the TZ | PSA: Slightly elevated PI-RADS: unsuitable |
Granulomatous prostatitis | Past relevant history: iatrogenic causes (after surgical operations or BCG therapy for urothelial carcinoma) and allergy PSA: transiently elevated PI-RADS: unavoidable |
Prostate tuberculosis | Past relevant history: BCG therapy for urothelial carcinoma Symptoms: active tuberculosis in other organs or systems PSA: transiently elevated PI-RADS: unsuitable |
Abscess | Symptoms: fever, chills, urinary frequency and urgency, suprapubic pain, and pus cells on urine examination PSA: transiently elevated mpMRI findings: central necrosis in the interior presenting with hyperintensity on T2WI, hyperintensity on high b-value DWI, and low ADC, with rim enhancement in the exterior PI-RADS: unsuitable |
Mesenchymal tumors | Age: younger men PSA: normal mpMRI findings: hemorrhagic, cystic or necrotic changes with complete or incomplete capsule causing distinct mass effects PI-RADS: unsuitable |
Lymphoma | PSA: normal Symptoms: LUTS, systemic symptoms (including fever, chills, night sweats, and weight loss) PI-RADS: unavoidable |
Prostatic cystadenoma | Age: large age range mpMRI findings: cystic lesions PI-RADS: unsuitable |