Fig. 7
From: Errors, discrepancies and underlying bias in radiology with case examples: a pictorial review
Premature closure bias causing an under-reading (type 4) error. A 52-year-old male patient with metastatic gastric cancer was brought to the emergency room due to abdominal pain, distension and discomfort. Abdominal CT showed thickened and enhanced peritoneal layers (red arrows a, b) and accompanying pelvic-free fluid/mesenteric congestion. The radiologist prematurely jumped to the conclusion of “peritoneal carcinomatosis” because of the cancer history and did not think about other reasons that could cause those imaging findings. In the following period, it was retrospectively understood that there was a displaced jejunostomy catheter (blue arrows a, b) into the peritoneal space. Due to premature closure bias, the radiologist did not pay enough attention to the rest of the examination and overlooked the displaced catheter. The patient was hospitalized and given long-term treatment. After removing the misplaced catheter and completing the appropriate treatment of peritonitis, induced by nutrients given through the jejunostomy, the patient’s complaints completely recovered