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Fig. 1 | Insights into Imaging

Fig. 1

From: Degenerative spine disease: Italian position paper on acquisition, interpretation and reporting of Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Fig. 1

a Bulging disc. Wide bulging disc with foraminal extension, more evident on the right. A bulging disc is considered when the extension is more than 25% (> 90°) of the whole disc circumference. Yellow lines show the division in quarters of the disc circumference, red ones the contour of the displaced disc and the angle. b Example of disc protrusion. A disc protrusion (in red, the contour of the displaced disc and the angle) is considered when the displacement is less than 25% (< 90°) of the whole disc circumference (in yellow lines the subdivision in quarters of the disc) and the distance between the borders of the displacement (blue line) is less than the distance between the edges of the base of the displacement at the disc space of origin (green line). c Example of disc herniation (Extrusion). A herniated disc is considered when the displacement (in red, the contour and the angle) is less than 25% (< 90°) of the whole disc circumference (in yellow lines the subdivision in quarters of the disc) and the distance between the borders of the displacement (blue line) is greater than the distance between the edges of the base of the displacement at the disc space of origin (green line)

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