From: Spectrum of liver lesions hyperintense on hepatobiliary phase: an approach by clinical setting
Observations | Mechanisms | Typical imaging features | Prevalence of iso- or hyperintensity |
---|---|---|---|
Non-cirrhotic patients | |||
Focal nodular hyperplasia | Overexpression of OATP1B3; suggested also an increase in well-differentiated bile ducts | Iso- or hyperintensity; hyperintense rim on HBP | 97% |
Hepatocellular adenomas | Overexpression of OATP1B3 | Iso- or hyperintensity | 83%, 19%, 0% and 0% of β-catenin, inflammatory, HNF1α inactivated, and unclassified HCAs, respectively |
Fat sparing in steatotic liver | Preserved or even increased parenchymal function compared to the background steatotic liver | Homogeneous iso- or hyperintensity | Nearly always (no specific data available) |
Primary or secondary vascular disorders | |||
FNH-like nodule | Equal or overexpression of OATP1B3 | Iso- or hyperintensity; hyperintense rim on HBP | 100% |
Oncologic patients | |||
FNH-like nodule | Equal or overexpression of OATP1B3 | Iso- or hyperintensity; hyperintense rim on HBP | 100% |
Metastases | Retention in fibrotic stroma; aberrant expression of OATP1B3 | Targetoid appearance | No specific data available |
Cholangiocarcinoma | Retention in fibrotic stroma | Targetoid enhancement | 42–57% |
Cirrhotic patients | |||
Hepatocellular Carcinoma | Overexpression of OATP1B3 | Homogeneous hyperintensity, mosaic pattern, nodule-in-nodule appearance or peritumoral hyperintensity | 8.8–14% |
Regenerative or low-grade dysplastic nodules | Overexpression of OATP1B3 | Homogeneous iso- or hyperintensity | No specific data available |
Multiacinar regenerative nodules | Overexpression of OATP1B3 | Hyperintense rim on HBP | No specific data available |
Periportal hyperintensity | Possible regenerative changes of periportal hepatocytes | Bandlike hyperintense areas along the portal tracts | 3% |