Diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography in the assessment of anterior knee pain

Insights into Imaging

Table 4 Diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography findings using MRI as the gold reference standard

	Sensitivity (%)	Specificity (%)	PPV	NPV	AUC (ROC)	Kappa agreement (Cohen’s Kappa)
Joint effusion	91.5	95.8	93.1	94.8	0.93***	0.87***
Trochlear cartilage defect	71.9	98.4	92	93.1	0.85***	0.76***
Superficial infrapatellar tissue edema	77.4	100	100	94.7	0.88***	0.83***
Synovial plica	78.6	100	100	95.5	0.88***	0.84***
Patellar tendinopathy	84	100	100	97	0.92***	0.89***
Patellar cartilage defect	0	100	-	85.2	0.5^#	0^¥
Suprapatellar fat impingement	84.2	100	100	97.8	0.92***	0.9***
Hoffa’s fat pad impingement	66.7	100	100	95.8	0.83***	0.775***
Quadriceps tendinopathy	87.5	100	100	98.6	0.94***	0.93***
Infrapatellar bursitis	66.7	100	100	98.4	0.83^¥¥	0.79***
Bipartite patella	100	100	100	100	1***	1***
Overall validity	85.3	100	100	57.8	0.93***	0.66***

MRI magnetic resonance imaging, PPV positive predictive value, NPV negative predictive value, CI confidence interval, AUC area under curve, ROC receiver operating characteristic curve
***p value < 0.001
^#p value > 0.05 (non-significant)
^¥No p value can be calculated
^¥¥p value = 0.002