Fig. 17
From: Persistent left superior vena cava: clinical importance and differential diagnoses
Vertical vein. a–e Axial (a, b, c, e) and coronal-oblique reformated (d) CT images depict abnormal drainage of the left upper pulmonary vein (blue arrows) into the left brachiocephalic vein via the VV (red arrows). In the presence of VV with PAPVD (left-upper), the absence of vascular structure anterior to the left main bronchus (red circle) is an important clue for differential diagnosis (e). f–h 3D VRT (f), coronal-oblique maximum intensity projection (g), and axial (h) CT images depict the drainage of both right and left pulmonary veins (blue arrows) into the VV (red arrows), in a patient with supracardiac type TAPVD. The VV transports the whole pulmonary venous blood to the SVC through a large-caliber bridging vein (yellow arrows)