Table 2 Patterns and classifications of facial fractures
From: Facial fractures: classification and highlights for a useful report
Multiple buttresses fracture Pterygoid processes | Yes-LeFort | I, the anterolateral margin of the nasal fossa | |
II, the inferior orbital rim | |||
III, the zygomatic arch | |||
No- | Medial: Naso-orbito-ethmoidal complex, Markowitz and Manson classification | type I -->medial canthal tendon is intact and connected to a single large fracture fragment. | |
type II-->the fracture is comminuted, and the medial canthal tendon is attached to a single bone fragment. | |||
type III-→ comminution extends to the medial canthal tendon insertion site on the anterior medial orbital wall at the level of the lacrimal fossa, with resultant tendon avulsion. | |||
Lateral: Zygomaticomaxillary complex | |||
One/few buttresses fracture | Mandible→ characterized by location | ||
Orbital “blow out” fracture | |||
Frontal sinus fractures | |||
Alveolar process | |||
Nasal bone | |||