Fig. 3
From: Imaging findings and classification of the common and uncommon male breast diseases
Imaging modalities used for male breast diseases. a Oblique sagittal VRT reformat of a CT scan obtained for an irrelevant purpose shows hypertrophic pectoralis major and minor muscles (red arrows) and retroareolar scarce fat tissue (blue arrow). Both can cause technical and diagnostic difficulties for mammography. Although it can show masses incidentally, CT is not a routine imaging modality for male breast. b MLO mammogram of right male breast shows rudimentary fibroglandular tissue replaced with increased amount of radiolucent adipose tissue. c, d US images of male breast. Green arrows show subcutaneous fat tissue characterized by isoechoic fat lobules. Yellow arrow (c) represents intercostal muscles and orange arrow (d) corresponds to small nipple-areola complex with no associated fibroglandular tissue. e Sonoelastographic evaluation of ill-defined hypoechoic male breast mass reveals elevated tissue stiffness with considerably increased strain ratio of 7.39 and suggests malignity. Pathologic examination confirms the diagnosis of IDC. f Color mode of Doppler US shows markedly increased peripheral and internal vascularity of irregular hypoechoic male breast mass which is diagnosed as IDC later. g Subtraction image of dynamic breast MRI of a male patient with known pseudogynecomastia shows enlarged left male breast without apparent enhancing lesion