Fig. 12
From: Vascular lesions of the head and neck: an update on classification and imaging review
Arteriovenous fistula. A 57-year-old female presents with history of left neck bruit. a Post-contrast MRA images of the neck demonstrate a tortuous course of the left vertebral artery extending into fistulous enlargement at the C6 level (arrow) where there is early filling into the draining vein (arrowhead). b Axial post-contrast MRA image demonstrates fistulous enlargement of the vertebral artery (circle). c Conventional angiography with selective injection of the left vertebral artery shows enlargement at the proximal portion. d, e Progressive angiographic images show early and abnormal filling of the large draining vein, ultimately draining into the brachiocephalic vein