Fig. 13
From: Congenital systemic venous return anomalies to the right atrium review
a Coexistence of multiple venous development anomalies schematic. Case of a double IVC with a retro-aortic right renal vein, interruption of the hepatic segment and hemiazygos continuation of the IVC. b Coexistence of multiple venous development anomalies embryology schematic. Resulting from the persistence of the left supracardinal veins and the left sub-supracardinal anastomosis, regression of the right vitelline-subcardinal anastomosis, together with persistence of the dorsal arch and regression of the ventral arch of the renal collar. c Coexistence of multiple venous development anomalies imaging. Contrast-enhanced CT scan showing a double IVC (R-IVC, L-IVC) [F] with a retroaortic right renal vein (arrow) [C], interruption of the hepatic segment (asterisk) [D, H] and hemiazygos continuation of the IVC (triangle) [A, B, E]