Techniques and future perspectives for the prevention and treatment of endoleaks after endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms

Insights into Imaging

Table 1 Studies in the literature that compare the direct sac with the endovascular approach for the treatment of Type II endoleaks. Technical success*: immediate exclusion of the sac at the first control. Clinical success**: freedom from endoleak recurrence at the follow-up. DSPE, direct sac puncture embolisation; TAE, transarterial embolisation

Study	No.	Mean follow-up time	Technical success* (%)	Clinical success** (%)
Baum et al. [48]	20 TAE	254 days	90	20
Baum et al. [48]	13 DSPE	254 days	100	92
Stavropoulos et al. [49]	23 TAE	17.3 months	95.7	78.3
Stavropoulos et al. [49]	62 DSPE	20.2 months	100	72.6
Nevala et al. [74]	10 TAE	4.5 ± 2.3 years	40	20
Nevala et al. [74]	4 DSPE	4.5 ± 2.3 years	100	75
Massis et al. [75]	65 TAE	15 weeks	58	76
Massis et al. [75]	36 DSPE	15 weeks	100	59
Yang et al. [57]	23 DSPE	21.8 months	100	64
Yang et al. [57]	23 DSPE	21.8 months	81	57