Fig. 11

Thrombosis. a Flow confirmation study shows contrast backflow around the catheter. It is not clear, whether the catheter is in an intravascular position. b CT was subsequently performed, which shows the tip of the catheter too high in the brachiocephalic vein with venous thrombosis and development of multiple collaterals. c In another patient with increased resistance during infusions, flow confirmation study shows a fibrin sheath around the catheter (arrows). Infusion of thrombolytics (rTPA) restored good flow of the system. d In another patient, incidental finding of a thrombus at the catheter tip detected during contrast-enhanced MDCT follow-up