Fig. 8
From: Blood finds a way: pictorial review of thoracic collateral vessels
Brachiocephalic blockage. a Schematic image of a brachiocephalic obstruction and pathway for collateral flow. b Axial CT image of a 59-year-old female with a mediastinal tumor demonstrating extrinsic compression of the left brachiocephalic vein (black arrow) before it enters the SVC (white arrow). c Axial CT image in the same patient showing a dilated azygos vein (gray arrow) draining into the SVC (white arrow). d Axial CT image in a different patient demonstrates a prominent right internal thoracic vein (dashed arrow) draining into the SVC (white arrow) bypassing a right-sided brachiocephalic blockage (not pictured)