Table 3 Origin, insertion, and clinical significance of rare accessory muscles around the mid and forefoot

Accessory plantar muscle belly to the adductor hallucis

Fourth metatarsal

Oblique and transverse heads of the adductor hallucis

Transposition to alleviate symptoms of hallux valgus

Variant of the flexor digitorum accesorius or quadratus plantae

Calcaneus

Lateral aspect of the flexor digitorum longus tendon

Tarsal tunnel syndrome

Accessory flexor digiti minimi pedis (duplicated variant)

Tibialis posterior

Middle phalanx of the fifth digit

Graft—transposition