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Table 1 Prevalence, clinical significance and differential diagnosis of the most common types of accessory ossicles around the ankle and hindfoot

From: Anatomical variation in the ankle and foot: from incidental finding to inductor of pathology. Part I: ankle and hindfoot

Ossicle

Prevalence

Clinical significance

Differential diagnosis

Os trigonum

1–25%

Os trigonum syndrome

Posterior ankle impingement, Cedell’s fracture, Shepherd’s fracture

Os sustentaculi

0.3–0.4%

Coexisting talo-calcaneal coalition

Fractures of the sustentaculum tali

Os calcaneus secundarius

0.6–7%

Fracture of the anterosuperior calcaneal process

Os subtibiale

0.9%

Avulsion fractures

Os subfibulare

2.1%

Avulsion fractures

Rare

Os supratalare

Avulsion fractures

Os talotibiale