Fig. 4From: Imaging of thoracic hernias: types and complicationsa, b A 70-year-old female with a history of intercostal chest tube drainage for pleural effusion. Axial CT (a) and volume-rendered image (b) in a patient with previous right upper lobe wedge resection for a stage I lung cancer identifies focal intercostal herniation of the right upper lobe (white arrow). The neck of the hernia is narrow, indicating incarceration. In addition, there is abnormal orientation of the bronchovascular pedicle with narrowing of the bronchiole. Ground-glass opacities in the herniated lung indicate atelectasis (Movie 1). Elective repair is recommended for these hernias unless asymptomaticBack to article page