Fig. 3
From: Inferior vena cava anomalies and variations: imaging and rare clinical findings
Illustration of findings of infrarenal IVC agenesis with collateral pathways including superficial (epigastric vein, internal mammarian veins, thoracoabdominal veins, lateral thoracic vein and axillary vein), portal (inferior haemorrhoidal vein (IHV), paraumbilical veins (PUV), inferior mesenteric vein (IMV)), deep (ascending lumbar vein, continuous azygos vein (CA), continuous hemiazygos vein (CHA)), and median collateral pathways (gonadal vein). (RA: right atrium; A: aorta; SVC: superior vena cava; RRV and LRV: right and left renal veins, respectively; D: diaphragm)