Table 1 Tumour-node-metastasis (TNM) staging of anal carcinoma according to lesion site of origin
Anal canal | Anal margin | |
|---|---|---|
Primary tumour (T) | ||
TX | Primary tumour cannot be assessed | |
T0 | No evidence of primary tumour | |
T1 | Tumour ≤2 cm in greatest dimension | |
T2 | Tumour 2–5 cm in greatest dimension | |
T3 | Tumour >5 cm in greatest dimension | |
T4 | Tumour of any size invading adjacent organ(s) e.g. vagina, urethra, bladder | Tumour invading deeper structures (skeletal muscle, cartilage) |
Regional lymph nodes (N) | ||
NX | Regional lymph nodes cannot be assessed | |
N0 | No regional lymph node metastasis | |
N1 | Metastasis in perirectal lymph node(s) | Regional lymph node metastasis |
N2 | Metastasis in unilateral internal iliac and/or inguinal lymph node(s) | |
N3 | Metastasis in internal iliac and perirectal lymph nodes and/or bilateral internal iliac and/or bilateral inguinal lymph nodes | |
Distant metastasis (M) | ||
M0 | No distant metastasis | |
M1 | Distant metastasis | |