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Table 1 DWI MR patterns that can help with the diagnosis. CCi: Corpus callosum involvement, CSTi: cortico-spinal tract involvement, CSi: involvement of the centra semiovalia

From: Apparent diffusion coefficient restriction in the white matter: going beyond acute brain territorial ischemia

Disease

Age

CCI

CSTi

CSi

IWMi

Neuroradiologic features

Other features

Evolution

CMT X-linked

Young adult

++

-

++

+

Moose-horn appearance

Stroke-like onset

Reversible

MSUD

Newborn

-

++

++

++

Already myelinated areas

Severe metabolic decompensation

Variable recovery

MD

Infant

-

-

++

-

Oval/drop-shaped lesions

Severe metabolic decompensation

Persistent T2 lesions

GA-1

Child/adult

++

-

++

-+

Strip-like appearance of corpus callosum

Also in asymptomatic patients

Persistent on T2 and DWI

PKU

Child/adult

+

-

++

-+

Prominent parieto-occipital involvement

Also in asymptomatic patients

Persistent on T2 and DWI

WI

Elderly

-

-

++

-

Chain-like appearance

Ipsilateral severe carotid stenosis

Persistent T2 lesions

GCA

Adult/elderly

-+

-+

++

-

Extensive bilateral involvement of centrum semiovale

Evocative clinical history

Late necrotic evolution

Extrapontine myelinolysis

Adult/elderly

+

-+

+

++

 

Natrium serum level abnormalities

Variable recovery

MTX

Child

-

-

++

-

Posterior part of centrum semiovale

Clinical history of MTX administration

Reversible

Inhalation of heroin vapour

Young adult

-+

+

++

+

Extensive bilateral involvement of centrum semiovale

Clinical history of drug abuse

Persistent T2 lesions

Diffuse axonal injury

Any

++

-+

-+

-+

Splenium and undersurface of corpus callosum

Clinical history of head trauma

Persistent T2 lesions

Reversible lesions of the splenium

Any

++

-

+

-

Splenium

Miscellaneous conditions

Reversible