Predicting cytogenetic risk in multiple myeloma using conventional whole-body MRI, spinal dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI, and spinal diffusion-weighted imaging

Insights into Imaging

Table 5 Mean statistical performance metrics for all repeats and folds with standard error between brackets for the four general models with all included features and four final models with three included features which were chosen most frequently for every model (= most predictive features for cytogenetic risk classification for every MRI sequence separately)

	Accuracy	F-score	PPV	NPV	Sens	Spec	PR-AUC	ROC-AUC
All included features
Full WB-MRI	0.50 (0.02)	0.33 (0.03)	0.34 (0.04)	0.54 (0.02)	0.21 (0.03)	0.71 (0.04)	0.52 (0.02)	0.45 (0.02)
Conventional anatomical MRI	0.49 (0.01)	0.40 (0.02)	0.37 (0.02)	0.53 (0.02)	0.30 (0.03)	0.64 (0.03)	0.53 (0.02)	0.46 (0.02)
Spinal DCE-MRI	0.51 (0.01)	0.31 (0.03)	0.33 (0.04)	0.56 (0.01)	0.12 (0.03)	0.75 (0.03)	0.53 (0.02)	0.45 (0.02)
Spinal DWI	0.47 (0.02)	0.37 (0.03)	0.36 (0.03)	0.51 (0.02)	0.29 (0.03)	0.61 (0.03)	0.50 (0.02)	0.41 (0.02)
Top three features
Full WB-MRI	*0.76 (0.02)*	*0.70 (0.02)*	*0.76 (0.02)*	*0.79 (0.01)*	*0.70 (0.02)*	*0.81 (0.02)*	*0.79 (0.02)*	*0.80 (0.02)*
Conventional anatomical MRI	0.70 (0.02)	0.61 (0.02)	0.70 (0.02)	0.73 (0.01)	0.58 (0.02)	0.79 (0.02)	0.75 (0.02)	0.76 (0.02)
Spinal DCE-MRI	0.63 (0.02)	0.55 (0.02)	0.57 (0.03)	0.70 (0.02)	0.54 (0.03)	0.70 (0.02)	0.65 (0.02)	0.69 (0.02)
Spinal DWI	0.59 (0.02)	0.44 (0.03)	0.54 (0.03)	0.62 (0.01)	0.38 (0.03)	0.74 (0.02)	0.54 (0.02)	0.55 (0.02)

AUC Area-under-the-curve, DCE Dynamic contrast-enhanced, DWI Diffusion-weighted imaging, LASSO Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, MRI Magnetic resonance imaging, NPV Negative predictive value, PPV Positive predictive value, PR Precision-recall, ROC Receiver operating characteristic, sens. Sensitivity, spec. Specificity, WB Whole-body