Table 1 Patient characteristics and clinical information of the entire patient population, the intermediate-/high-, and the standard-risk cytogenetic group [26, 40, 41]
|  | All patients (n = 31, 100%) | Intermediate-/high-risk (n = 13, 42%) | Standard-risk (n = 18, 58%) |
|---|---|---|---|
Patient characteristics | |||
 Gender (male–female) | 15 (48%)–16 (52%) | 6 (46%)–7 (54%) | 9 (50%)–9 (50%) |
 Genetics-MRI (months) | -0.3 ± 1.5 (-2.5–3.0) | 0.0 ± 1.5 (-1.8–2.6) | -0.6 ± 1.4 (-2.2–3.0) |
 Death | 6 (19%) | 3 (23%) | 3 (17%) |
 Age at diagnosis (years) | 66.4 ± 7.4 | 68.0 ± 6.4 | 65.3 ± 8.1 |
 BMI (kg/m2) | 26.3 ± 4.5 | 26.2 ± 4.9 | 26.4 ± 4.3 |
 Two-year overall survival | 97% | 92% | 100% |
 Three-year overall survival | 94% | 92% | 94% |
Laboratory results | |||
 MM subdiagnosis | 7 IgAλ (23%)−4 IgAκ (13%)−5 IgGλ (16%)−2 IgGκ (39%)−1 LCλ (3%)−1 LCκ (3%)−1 IgMκ (3%) | 2 IgAλ (15%)−2 IgAκ (15%)−2 IgGλ (15%)−6 IgGκ (47%)−1 LCλ (8%)−0 LCκ (0%)−0 IgMκ (0%) | 5 IgAλ (28%)−2 IgAκ (11%)−3 IgGλ (17%)−6 IgGκ (34%)−0 LCλ (0%)−1 LCκ (5%)−1 IgMκ (5%) |
 BSR (mm/hour)a | 52.5 ± 37.7 | 57.9 ± 40.6 | 49.5 ± 37.0 |
 Hemoglobin (g/dL)b | 12.3 ± 1.9 | 12.1 ± 2.1 | 12.5 ± 1.7 |
 Hematocrit (%)c | 37.1 ± 4.8 | 36.5 ± 5.4 | 37.5 ± 4.4 |
 Anemia | 16 (52%) | 8 (62%) | 8 (44%) |
 Calcium (mg/dL)d | 9.6 ± 0.9 | 9.4 ± 0.6 | 9.7 ± 1.1 |
 Calcium status | 28 normal (90%)–2 hypo (7%)–1 hyper (3%) | 12 normal (92%)–1 hypo (8%)–0 hyper (0%) | 16 normal (88%)–1 hypo (6%)–1 hyper (6%) |
 Creatinine (mg/dL)e | 0.9 ± 0.3 | 0.9 ± 0.2 | 1.0 ± 0.3 |
 GFR (mL/min/1.73m2)f | 72.7 ± 15.5 | 75.8 ± 13.4 | 70.4 ± 16.8 |
 CKDg | 6G1 (19%)–20G2 (65%)–4G3a (13%)–1G3b (3%)–0G4 (0%)–0G5 (0%) | 4G1 (31%)–8G2 (61%)–1G3a (8%)–0G3b (0%)–0G4 (0%)–0G5 (0%) | 2G1 (11%)–12G2 (67%)–3G3a (17%)–1G3b (5%)–0G4 (0%)–0G5 (0%) |
 β2-microglobulin (mg/L)h | 2.9 ± 1.1 | 2.9 ± 1.3 | 3.0 ± 1.0 |
 Protein absolute (g/L)i | 77.0 ± 15.8 | 80.8 ± 11.9 | 74.3 ± 17.9 |
 Albumin absolute (g/L)j | 39.3 ± 4.9 | 39.6 ± 5.5 | 39.1 ± 4.5 |
 Gamma globulins (%)k | 25.0 ± 13.3 | 22.7 ± 11.8 | 26.6 ± 14.4 |
 M-protein peak (g/L) | 18.2 ± 11.3 | 18.9 ± 11.0 | 17.7 ± 12.1 |
 IF global extrafraction | 10 no suppression (32%) | 5 no suppression (38%) | 5 no suppression (28%) |
21 suppression (68%) | 8 suppression (62%) | 13 suppression (72%) | |
 LDH (U/L)l | 176.3 ± 49.4 | 187.8 ± 49.1 | 168.0 ± 49.3 |
 CRP (mg/L)m | 6.0 ± 12.6 | 7.8 ± 14.4 | 4.8 ± 11.4 |
 M-protein absolute (g/L) | 63.9 ± 147.9 | 77.3 ± 186.6 | 54.2 ± 117.6 |
 M-protein relativen | 4.9 ± 6.6 | 4.7 ± 6.7 | 5.0 ± 6.8 |
 LC involved/uninvolved | 35.2 ± 67.2 | 27.9 ± 35.2 | 40.5 ± 83.8 |
 BJ proteins urine | 18 no (58%)–9 κ (29%)–4 λ (13%) | 10 no (77%)–2 κ (15%)–1 λ (8%) | 8 no (44%)–7 κ (39%)–3 λ (17%) |
 WHO myelofibrosis scoreo | 22MF0 (71%)–7MF1 (23%) | 9MF0 (69%)–4MF1 (31%) | 13MF0 (72%)–3MF1 (17%) |
2MF2 (6%)–0MF3 (0%) | 0MF2 (0%)–0MF3 (0%) | 2MF2 (11%)–0MF3 (0%) | |
 BMP plasmacytosis (%) | 37.7 ± 20.6 | 35.7 ± 20.5 | 38.7 ± 21.3 |
Genetics | |||
 Diploidy | 17 diploid (55%) | 6 diploid (46%) | 11 diploid (61%) |
3 hypodiploid (10%) | 3 hypodiploid (23%) | 0 hypodiploid (0%) | |
11 hyperdiploid (35%) | 4 hyperdiploid (31%) | 7 hyperdiploid (39%) | |
 Gain(1q)-del(1p)-del(13q) | 3 (10%)-3 (10%)-3 (10%) | 3 (23%)-3 (23%)-3 (23%) | 0 (0%)-0 (0%)-0 (0%) |
 Del(17(p13))-TP53 | 2 (6%) | 2 (15%) | 0 (0%) |
 t(4;14)(q16;q32) | 1 (3%) | 1 (8%) | 0 (0%) |
 t(11;14)(q13;q32) | 2 (6%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (11%) |
 t(14;16)(q32;q23) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
 t(14;20)(q32;q11) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
 t(6;14)(p21;q32) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
 Trisomy odd Cxp | 11 (35%) | 5 (38%) | 6 (33%) |
 del(6q,8p,13,11q,14q,16q) | 7 (23%) | 7 (54%) | 0 (0%) |
Risk stratification | |||
 SDPq | 18 I (58%)-13 II (42%)-0 III (0%) | 5 I (38%)-8 II (62%)-0 III (0%) | 13 I (72%)-5 II (28%)-0 III (0%) |
 R2-ISSr | 16 I (52%)-15 II (48%)-0 III (0%) | 6 I (46%)-7 II (54%)-0 III (0%) | 10 I (56%)-8 II (44%)-0 III (0%) |